Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34481481›Full record

ArticleBMC neurology2021

Wearable inertial sensors are highly sensitive in the detection of gait disturbances and fatigue at early stages of multiple sclerosis.

Roy Müller, Daniel Hamacher, Sascha Hansen, Patrick Oschmann, Philipp M Keune

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Sensors in Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Roy MüllerGaitLab, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany. roy.mueller@klinikum-bayreuth.de.
Daniel HamacherDepartment of Sports Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Sascha HansenDepartment of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany.
Patrick OschmannDepartment of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany.
Philipp M KeuneDepartment of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany.
Bayreuth Medical Center · DEFriedrich Schiller University Jena · DE

Funding

Sanofi-Aventis GmbH, Germany Sanofi-Aventis GmbH, Germany
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of the current study was to examine multiple gait parameters obtained by wearable inertial sensors and their sensitivity to clinical status in early multiple sclerosis (MS). Further, a potential correlation between gait parameters and subjective fatigue was explored.

methodsAutomated gait analyses were carried out on 88 MS patients and 31 healthy participants. To measure gait parameters (i.e. walking speed, stride length, stride duration, duration of stance and swing phase, minimal toe-to-floor distance), wearable inertial sensors were utilized throughout a 6-min 25-ft walk. Additionally, self-reported subjective fatigue was assessed.

resultsMean gait parameters consistently revealed significant differences between healthy participants and MS patients from as early as an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) value of 1.5 onwards. Further, MS patients showed a significant linear trend in all parameters, reflecting continuously deteriorating gait performance throughout the test. This linear deterioration trend showed significant correlations with fatigue.

conclusionsWearable inertial sensors are highly sensitive in the detection of gait disturbances, even in early MS, where global scales such as the EDSS do not provide any clinical information about deviations in gait behavior. Moreover, these measures provide a linear trend parameter of gait deterioration that may serve as a surrogate marker of fatigue. In sum, these results suggest that classic timed walking tests in routine clinical practice should be replaced by readily and automatically applicable gait assessments, as provided by inertial sensors.

Indexed as

Multiple SclerosisWearable Electronic DevicesFatigueGaitHumansWalking25 foot walk6-min walkEDSSmotor fatigueMultiple sclerosis (MS)toe clearance

Identifiers

PMID34481481
PMCPMC8418019
OpenAlexW3198816862

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.