ArticleCell host & microbe2021
Aberrant gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis development in premature neonates with brain damage.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Synbiotic supplementation leads to gut microbiome communities with functional capacity linked to better brain white matter development in preterm infants.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Probiotics and Gut Dysbiosis in Preterm Infants: The PRIMAL Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2024Trial
- GutMIND: A multi-cohort machine learning framework for integrative characteristics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Maturation-Dependent Constraints in the Ability of Human Monocytes to Initiate Trained Immunity.MedComm · 2026Article
- From oxidative stress to epigenetic regulation: Molecular mechanisms of preterm brain injury and neuroprotective strategies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial-associated adverse events in neonates: an integrated literature review and FAERS pharmacovigilance analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- The Role of γδ T Cells in Ischemic Stroke: Insights From the Perspective of the Brain-Gut Axis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Gut-brain-immune interactions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Neuroprognostication in infants born preterm at the limits of viability: assessment under uncertainty.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Intergenerational effects of the microbiota on neurodevelopment: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in early life: microbiome-associated mechanisms and clinical relevance.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Advances in Perinatal Depression: A Focus on Screening and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Integrating Bone-Brain Axis Modulation and Tea Consumption for Enhancing Neurovascular Resilience and Patient Rehabilitation Education.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Neonatal gut Bifidobacterium associates with indole-3-lactic acid levels in blood and risk of ADHD at age 10.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- From microbes to milestones: Gut bacterial abundances and functional pathways associate with neurodevelopment following preterm birth.Gut microbiology · 2026Article
- Priming innate immunity and long-term outcome.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- The intersection of neuroscience, socioeconomic status, and preterm birth.Pediatric research · 2026Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Premature infants are at substantial risk for suffering from perinatal white matter injury. Though the gut microbiota has been implicated in early-life development, a detailed understanding of the gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis in premature neonates is lacking. Here, we profiled the gut microbiota, immunological, and neurophysiological development of 60 extremely premature infants, which received standard hospital care including antibiotics and probiotics. We found that maturation of electrocortical activity is suppressed in infants with severe brain damage. This is accompanied by elevated γδ T cell levels and increased T cell secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced secretion of neuroprotectants. Notably, Klebsiella overgrowth in the gut is highly predictive for brain damage and is associated with a pro-inflammatory immunological tone. These results suggest that aberrant development of the gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis may drive or exacerbate brain injury in extremely premature neonates and represents a promising target for novel intervention strategies.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.