Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34480847›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2021

Engineered miniature CRISPR-Cas system for mammalian genome regulation and editing.

Xiaoshu Xu, Augustine Chemparathy, Leiping Zeng, Hannah R Kempton, Stephen Shang, Muneaki Nakamura, Lei S Qi

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
254citing papers in PubMed
23.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

254 citing papers in PubMed, 391 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Compact 9dBEs Enable Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells and In Vivo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated upregulation of utrophin ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  19. Advances and clinical potential of epigenome editing.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xiaoshu XuDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Augustine ChemparathyDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Leiping ZengDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Hannah R KemptonDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Stephen ShangDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Muneaki NakamuraDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Lei S QiDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: stanley.qi@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Compact and versatile CRISPR-Cas systems will enable genome engineering applications through high-efficiency delivery in a wide variety of contexts. Here, we create an efficient miniature Cas system (CasMINI) engineered from the type V-F Cas12f (Cas14) system by guide RNA and protein engineering, which is less than half the size of currently used CRISPR systems (Cas9 or Cas12a). We demonstrate that CasMINI can drive high levels of gene activation (up to thousands-fold increases), while the natural Cas12f system fails to function in mammalian cells. We show that the CasMINI system has comparable activities to Cas12a for gene activation, is highly specific, and allows robust base editing and gene editing. We expect that CasMINI can be broadly useful for cell engineering and gene therapy applications ex vivo and in vivo.

Indexed as

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsGene EditingProtein EngineeringTranscriptional ActivationCRISPR-Associated ProteinsGenes, ReporterGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHEK293 CellsHumansMutationPromoter Regions, GeneticRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsCRISPR-Associated ProteinsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systemsbase editingCasMINIgene activationgene editinggene knockoutgene regulationiterative mutagenesisminiature Casprotein engineeringRNA engineering

Identifiers

PMID34480847
OpenAlexW3198740632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.