ArticleHuman brain mapping2021
The regional effect of serum hormone levels on cerebral blood flow in healthy nonpregnant women.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological influences on neurovascular coupling: A systematic review of multimodal imaging approaches and recommendations for future study designs.Experimental physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Endocrine modulation of cortical and retinal baseline perfusion across the menstrual cycle.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Article
- Control vs. salience: a new axis of circadian brain-body organization.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Lower diastolic velocity in the internal carotid artery mediates lower cerebral blood flow with age.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex differences in gray matter, white matter, and regional brain perfusion in young, healthy adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Article
- Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity are modified by maturational stage and exercise training status during youth.Experimental physiology · 2023Article
- Association of Cumulative Lifetime Exposure to Female Hormones With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Postmenopausal Women in the UK Biobank.Neurology · 2023Article
- Neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular hemodynamics are modified by exercise training status at different stages of maturation during youth.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Article
- Reproducibility and diurnal variation in middle cerebral artery blood velocity in healthy humans.Experimental physiology · 2023Article
- A mini-review of the evidence for cerebrovascular changes following gender-affirming hormone replacement therapy and a call for increased focus on cerebrovascular transgender health.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Hyperuricemia and Endothelial Function: Is It a Simple Association or Do Gender Differences Play a Role in This Binomial?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Cerebral autoregulation across the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- The regional effect of serum hormone levels on cerebral blood flow in healthy nonpregnant women.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex hormones estrogen (EST) and progesterone (PROG) have received increased attention for their important physiological action outside of reproduction. While studies have shown that EST and PROG have significant impacts on brain function, their impact on the cerebrovascular system in humans remains largely unknown. To address this, we used a multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to investigate the link between serum hormones in the follicular phase and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) with measures of cerebrovascular function (cerebral blood flow [CBF]) and structure (intracranial artery diameter). Fourteen naturally cycling women were recruited and assessed at two-time points of their MC. CBF was derived from pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling while diameters of the internal carotid and basilar artery was assessed using time of flight magnetic resonance angiography, blood samples were performed after the MRI. Results show that PROG and EST had opposing and spatially distinct effects on CBF: PROG correlated negatively with CBF in anterior brain regions (r = -.86, p < .01), while EST correlations were positive, yet weak and most prominent in posterior areas (r = .78, p < .01). No significant correlations between either hormone or intracranial artery diameter were observed. These results show that EST and PROG have opposing and regionally distinct effects on CBF and that this relationship is likely not due to interactions with large intracranial arteries. Considering that CBF in healthy women appears tightly linked to their current hormonal state, future studies should consider assessing MC-related hormone fluctuations in the design of functional MRI studies in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.