ReviewJournal of robotic surgery2022
A review of simulation training and new 3D computer-generated synthetic organs for robotic surgery education.
Review in Journal of robotic surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expert consensus on best content of a robotic surgical curriculum: a systematic review.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the application of 3D-printed models to colorectal surgical training.Techniques in coloproctology · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of educational video on performance in robotic simulation training (TAKUMI-1): a randomized controlled trial.Journal of robotic surgery · 2023Trial
- Comparison of surgical outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy between residents under our training curriculum and experienced surgeons: a propensity score-matched analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Robot-assisted TAPP inguinal hernia repair training: validation of a synthetic hydrogel model-an international expert panel study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Physical and Virtual Reality Simulators in Robotic Surgical Training.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Simulating the First Step: An Affordable ex vivo Tissue Model for Trocar Placement Training.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- A swine model for surgical training in various types of robotic liver resection with surgical videos.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Review
- The evolution of training in robotic colorectal surgery.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Review
- Guidelines for robotic credentialling in reconstructive and functional urology. Consensus study.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- Application of Robotic Surgery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Review
- Development of anatomically accurate digital organ models for surgical simulation and training.PloS one · 2025Article
- Assessment of the evolution of psychomotor skills in the robotic surgery simulation process.Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Article
- Simulation and Training in Robot-Assisted Urological Surgery: From Model to Patient.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- "Role-sharing surgery": a new surgical education system that gives beginner surgeons more chances to operate while ensuring the surgical quality of robotic surgery.Surgery today · 2024Article
- Transferability of Technical Skills Across Robotic Surgery Platforms: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Developing a phantom for simulating robotic-assisted complete mesocolic excision using 3D printing and medical imaging.BMC surgery · 2024Article
- Robotic Medtronic Hugo™ RAS System Is Now Reality: Introduction to a New Simulation Platform for Training Residents.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Transferability of robotic console skills by early robotic surgeons: a multi-platform crossover trial of simulation training.Journal of robotic surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive review of surgical simulation models used in robotic surgery education. We present an assessment of the validity and cost-effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality simulation, animal, cadaver and synthetic organ models. Face, content, construct, concurrent and predictive validity criteria were applied to each simulation model. There are six major commercial simulation machines available for robot-assisted surgery. The validity of virtual reality (VR) simulation curricula for psychomotor assessment and skill acquisition for the early phase of robotic surgery training has been demonstrated. The widespread adoption of VR simulation has been limited by the high cost of these machines. Live animal and cadavers have been the accepted standard for robotic surgical simulation since it began in the early 2000s. Our review found that there is a lack of evidence in the literature to support the use of animal and cadaver for robotic surgery training. The effectiveness of these models as a training tool is limited by logistical, ethical, financial and infection control issues. The latest evolution in synthetic organ model training for robotic surgery has been driven by new 3D-printing technology. Validated and cost-effective high-fidelity procedural models exist for robotic surgery training in urology. The development of synthetic models for the other specialties is not as mature. Expansion into multiple surgical disciplines and the widespread adoption of synthetic organ models for robotic simulation training will require the ability to engineer scalability for mass production. This would enable a transition in robotic surgical education where digital and synthetic organ models could be used in place of live animals and cadaver training to achieve robotic surgery competency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.