Observational studyAlzheimer's research & therapy2021
Leukotriene receptor antagonist use and cognitive decline in normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia.
Observational study in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychiatric events associated with montelukast in patients with asthma: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Montelukast Ameliorates Antimony-Induced Neurotoxicity Accompanied by Alterations in Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Mitochondrial Function.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Review
- Montelukast attenuated memory decline, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in AβPsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Montelukast and Delirium Risk During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stay: Findings from a Cohort Study.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeting Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: a New Frontier for Drug Repurposing with Antihistamines and Serotonin Receptor Agonists.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Review
- Montelukast Ameliorates Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's Disease: Role on Cholinergic Neurotransmission, Antioxidant Defence System, Neuroinflammation and Expression of BDNF.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Montelukast Ameliorates 2K1C-Hypertension Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Associated Vascular Dementia.Current hypertension reviews · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's genes in microglia: a risk worth investigating.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Leukotrienes in Innate Immunity: Still Underappreciated after All These Years?Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- Age-linked suppression of lipoxin A4 associates with cognitive deficits in mice and humans.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Computational Analysis of Pathogenetic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Prediction of Potential Therapeutic Drugs.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Design of Montelukast Nanocrystalline Suspension for Parenteral Prolonged Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLeukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) alleviate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and improve cognition in animal models; however, clinical evidence is limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between the use of LTRAs (montelukast or zafirlukast) and cognitive performance in people with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia. We hypothesized that LTRA use would be associated with better cognitive performance over time.
methodsThis longitudinal observational study used data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Within groups of participants with normal cognition, MCI, or AD dementia, LTRA users were matched 1:3 to non-users using propensity score matching. Cognitive domains including immediate and delayed memory (Wechsler Memory Scale Revised-Logical Memory IA and IIA), psychomotor processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), and language (animal naming, vegetable naming, and Boston Naming Test) were compared between users and non-users in mixed-effects linear or Poisson regression models.
resultsIn AD dementia, LTRA use was associated with a slower decline in psychomotor processing speed, as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (Β = 1.466 [0.253, 2.678] symbols/year, n = 442), and language, as measured by animal naming (Β = 0.541 [0.215, 0.866] animals/year, n = 566), vegetable naming (B = 0.309 [0.056, 0.561] vegetables/year, n = 565), and the Boston Naming Test (B = 0.529 [0.005, 1.053] items/year, n = 561). Effect sizes were small but persisted after controlling for a 10% false discovery rate. LTRA use was not associated with changes in memory performance in AD, nor was it associated with changes in cognitive performance in people with normal cognition or MCI. In a post hoc analysis, LTRA use was associated with a slower decline in clinical progression in MCI (B = -0.200 [-0.380, -0.019] points/year, n = 800) and AD dementia (B = -0.321 [-0.597, -0.046] points/year, n = 604) as measured by CDR Sum of Boxes.
conclusionsThe use of LTRAs was associated with preserved function in non-amnestic cognitive domains in AD dementia. The role of leukotrienes and their receptors in cognitive decline warrants further investigation and the leukotriene pathway may represent a target for AD treatment.
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Registered trials
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