Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34479595›Full record

ArticleHead & face medicine2021

Hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence to detect oral malignancy - part 1 - automated tissue classification of oral muscle, fat and mucosa using a light-weight 6-layer deep neural network.

Daniel G E Thiem, Paul Römer, Matthias Gielisch, Bilal Al-Nawas, Martin Schlüter, Bastian Plaß, Peer W Kämmerer

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Head & face medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Classification of esophageal cancer by using hyperspectral data.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026
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  3. AI-assisted image analysis ofBioinformation · 2026
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  7. Flap Monitoring Techniques: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Daniel G E ThiemDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. daniel.thiem@uni-mainz.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-1487
Paul RömerDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Matthias GielischDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Bilal Al-NawasInternational Scholar and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Martin SchlüterSchool of Technology - Geoinformatics and Surveying, Institute for Spatial Information and Surveying Technology, University of Mainz - University of Applied Science, Mainz, Germany.
Bastian Plaß *School of Technology - Geoinformatics and Surveying, Institute for Spatial Information and Surveying Technology, University of Mainz - University of Applied Science, Mainz, Germany.
Peer W Kämmerer *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DEUniversity of Applied Sciences Mainz · DEKyung Hee University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising non-contact approach to tissue diagnostics, generating large amounts of raw data for whose processing computer vision (i.e. deep learning) is particularly suitable. Aim of this proof of principle study was the classification of hyperspectral (HS)-reflectance values into the human-oral tissue types fat, muscle and mucosa using deep learning methods. Furthermore, the tissue-specific hyperspectral signatures collected will serve as a representative reference for the future assessment of oral pathological changes in the sense of a HS-library.

methodsA total of about 316 samples of healthy human-oral fat, muscle and oral mucosa was collected from 174 different patients and imaged using a HS-camera, covering the wavelength range from 500 nm to 1000 nm. HS-raw data were further labelled and processed for tissue classification using a light-weight 6-layer deep neural network (DNN).

resultsThe reflectance values differed significantly (p < .001) for fat, muscle and oral mucosa at almost all wavelengths, with the signature of muscle differing the most. The deep neural network distinguished tissue types with an accuracy of > 80% each.

conclusionOral fat, muscle and mucosa can be classified sufficiently and automatically by their specific HS-signature using a deep learning approach. Early detection of premalignant-mucosal-lesions using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning is so far represented rarely in in medical and computer vision research domain but has a high potential and is part of subsequent studies.

Indexed as

Deep LearningMouth NeoplasmsArtificial IntelligenceHumansHyperspectral ImagingMucous MembraneMusclesNeural Networks, ComputerArtificial intelligenceFuture medicalMachine learningNon-contactNon-invasiveSensoringSensors

Identifiers

PMID34479595
PMCPMC8414848
OpenAlexW3196841423

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.