ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2021
Linking childhood trauma and cytokine levels in depressed adolescents.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse childhood events and mental health problems in cancer survivors: a systematic review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Stressful life events and lifestyle factors are associated with elevated peripheral TNF-α levels in adults with depression without physical diseases.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Latent Symptom Profiles in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: Subjective Sleep Disturbance and Biopsychosocial Correlates.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- The impact of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of friendship quality.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- On the pursuit of reproducibility: the importance of large sample sizes in psychoimmunology.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cytokine alterations in pediatric internalizing disorders: Systematic review and exploratory multi-variate meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Childhood Emotional Neglect and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence supports raised circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), among clinically depressed adults, although preliminary findings in adolescents are mixed. Independently, meta-analyses identify correlations between childhood trauma and elevated cytokine levels in adulthood. Here, we examine the possible role of individual differences in exposure to childhood trauma in contributing to variability in cytokine levels in depressed adolescents.
methods52 depressed adolescents and 20 healthy adolescents completed measures of childhood trauma and provided blood for the assessment of plasma IL-6 and TNFα. Cross-sectional associations of childhood trauma and cytokine measures were assessed in both depressed and healthy adolescents, along with exploratory analysis of childhood trauma subtypes. Longitudinal relationships between childhood trauma and cytokine measures were also studied in an exploratory fashion within a subset of depressed participants (n = 36).
resultsHigher childhood trauma (particularly emotional abuse) was positively associated with TNFα in depressed adolescents. Childhood trauma was not linked to longitudinal changes in cytokine levels. DISCUSSION: In depressed adolescents, childhood trauma may relate to higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and contribute to heterogeneity in cytokine elevation among depressed adolescents. Such findings may ultimately help guide more effective individualized treatments for adolescents with depression.
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