SynthesisHepatology international2021
Sex and regional disparities in incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in autoimmune hepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Hepatology international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis.Gut · 2025Guideline
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis 2022.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Guideline
- Novel role of general transcript factor IIH subunit 2 (GTF2H2) in the development and sex disparity of hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in autoimmune hepatitis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Are Gender Differences Important for Autoimmune Liver Diseases?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies have identified an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Sex and regional disparities in incidence of HCC in AIH continue to be reported worldwide. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this gap remains unknown.
methodWe searched several databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, CNKI and SinoMed. Incidence rates of HCC in AIH were combined and analyzed following the EBayes method. Incidence rate ratios were pooled to assess the sex differences. The impact of population difference, sex, age, cirrhotic condition was further analyzed with subgroup analysis and linear regression analysis.
result39 studies meeting our eligibility criteria were chosen for the analysis. The pooled incidence rate of HCC in AIH was 3.54 per 1000 person years (95% CI 2.76-4.55). Pooled IRR for the risk of HCC in male AIH patients compared to female was 2.16 (95% CI 1.25-3.75), with mild heterogeneity among studies. The pooled HCC incidence rate in AIH by continents was as follows: Europe 2.37 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1.45-3.88), Asia 6.18 per 1000 person-years (95%CI 5.51-6.93), North America 2.97 per 1000 person-years (95%CI 2.40-3.68), Oceania 2.60 (95%CI 0.54-7.58). The pooled HCC incidence rate in AIH-related cirrhosis by continent was as follows: Europe 6.35 per 1000 person-years (95%CI 3.94-10.22), Asia 17.02 per 1000 person-years (95%CI 11.18-25.91), North America 10.89 per 1000 person-years (95%CI 6.69-17.74).
conclusionA higher HCC incidence in AIH was observed among male and in Asian populations. Cirrhosis status at AIH diagnosis is significantly associated with an increased incidence rate for HCC, and routine HCC surveillance is recommended for patients with AIH cirrhosis, especially for those in Asia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.