ArticlePain and therapy2021
Restorative Neurostimulation for Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain: Results from a Prospective Multi-centre Longitudinal Cohort.
Article in Pain and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01985230 (Investigation of the ReActiv8 Implantable Stimulation System for Chronic Low Back Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the ReActiv8 Implantable Stimulation System for Chronic Low Back Pain
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation combined with physiotherapy in the management of chronic pain in adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Restorative neurostimulation of the lumbar multifidus muscles improves mobility, strength, pain and disability in patients with mechanical chronic low back pain.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Real-world two-year durability of restorative neurostimulation for treatment of multifidus dysfunction in patients with chronic low back pain: an observational German cohort study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Observational
- ISASS Recommendations and Coverage Criteria for Restorative Neurostimulation for Multifidus Dysfunction, Lumbar Region: Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity-An ISASS 2025 Guideline Update.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- Multifidus Dysfunction and Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Supporting Data for Accurate Diagnosis and Successful Treatment Outcomes Associated With Restorative Neurostimulation.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain: A Review of the Recent Literature.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Application of restorative neurostimulation for chronic mechanical low back pain in an older population with 2-year follow up.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
- An Algorithmic Overview of Advanced Pain Therapies: A Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- An Evidence-Based Consensus for the Use of Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Non-Surgical Low Back Pain: The NEURON Group.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Restorative Neurostimulation for Patients with Mechanical Chronic Low Back Pain and Impaired Neuromuscular Control of the Lumbar Spine | A New Treatment Paradigm.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Precision Rehabilitation After Neurostimulation Implantation for Multifidus Dysfunction in Nociceptive Mechanical Chronic Low Back Pain.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2024Article
- Healthcare resource utilization for chronic low back pain among high-utilizers.The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2024Article
- Multifidus dysfunction and restorative neurostimulation: a scoping review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Article
- International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery Statement: Restorative Neurostimulation for Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain Resulting From Neuromuscular Instability.International journal of spine surgery · 2023Article
- Restorative neurostimulation for chronic mechanical low back pain - Three year results from the United Kingdom post market clinical follow-up registry.British journal of pain · 2023Article
- ReActiv8 Stimulation Therapy vs. Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial for the Treatment of Intractable Mechanical Chronic Low Back Pain (RESTORE Trial Protocol).Pain and therapy · 2023Article
- The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline of Interventional Treatments for Low Back Pain.Journal of pain research · 2022Review
- Non-Spinal Neuromodulation of the Lumbar Medial Branch Nerve for Chronic Axial Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLow back pain impacts most people throughout the course of their lives and contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. In some patients, symptoms resolve with little intervention, while others are amenable to surgical intervention, some cases are intractable to current care paradigms. Restorative neurostimulation is an emerging therapy for chronic mechanical low back pain.
methodsWe conducted a prospective post-market follow-up of 42 patients treated for longstanding chronic mechanical low back pain with restorative neurostimulation. Patients were followed up at 45, 90, and 180 days and 1 and 2 years following activation of the device. Pain, disability, and health-related quality of life were recorded.
resultsAmong the 37 patients completing 2-year follow-up, numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores improved from 7.0 ± 0.2 to 3.5 ± 0.3 (p < 0.001), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores improved from 46.2 ± 2.2 to 29.2 ± 3.1 (p < 0.001), and health-related quality of life (measured by the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire-EQ-5D-5L) improved from 0.426 ± 0.035 to 0.675 ± 0.030 (p < 0.001). Additionally, 57% of patients experienced a greater than 50% reduction in pain, and 51% of patients benefited by a greater than 15-point reduction in ODI, both substantial improvements.
conclusionThis real-world sample of patients shows that restorative neurostimulation can provide substantial and durable benefit to a cohort of patients that have traditionally had few reliable treatment options. Our findings support the continued used of this therapy in well-selected patients.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01985230.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.