ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life.
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Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The association between the intensity of physical activity and the risk of sarcopenia in adolescents: NHANES 2011-2018.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of body composition on the estimation of resting metabolic rate: new equations for adults aged ≥65 years developed using cross-sectional data.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Gender differences in eating habits and sports preferences across age groups: a cross-sectional study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Observational
- Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Age-Related Differences in Adaptation of Lean Body Mass, Muscle Strength, and Performance Following 6 Weeks of Blood Flow Restriction Training in Young and Older Adults.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2025Article
- Physical Activity and Overnutrition Among 8-11-Year-Old School Children in Thika Town, Kenya.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Article
- Secular trend in height and associated factors among adolescents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2007 and 2017/2018.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S. adults.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- Diet-Stimulated Marrow Adiposity Fails to Worsen Early, Age-Related Bone Loss.Obesity facts · 2024Article
- The relationship in early childhood body composition and physical activity levels regarding fundamental motor skill development.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- An analytical chemist with on-the-job training in human nutrition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Review
- Resting and total energy expenditure of patients with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAODs).Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2023Article
- The role of physical activity in the regulation of body weight: The overlooked contribution of light physical activity and sedentary behaviors.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023Review
- Disturbing Weight Cutting Behaviors in Young Combat Sports Athletes: A Cause for Concern.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- ZoomForward2022: European Congress on Obesity.Obesity facts · 2022Article
- Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan.Nutrients · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
83 authors at 20 institutions in 22 countries.
Klaas R WesterterpSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Yosuke YamadaNational Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroyuki SagayamaFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Philip N AinslieResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Lene F AndersenDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Liam J AndersonResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Lenore ArabDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Issaad BaddouUnité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with African Regional Agreement for Research/International Atomic Energy Agency, Rabat, Morocco.
Kweku Bedu-AddoDepartment of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Ellen E BlaakFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Stephane BlancNutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Alberto G BonomiPhillips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Carlijn V C BoutenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Pascal BovetUniversity Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Maciej S BuchowskiDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Nancy F ButteDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Stefan G J A CampsFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Graeme L CloseResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Jamie A CooperNutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Sai K DasJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Richard CooperDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA.
Lara R DugasDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA.
Ulf EkelundDepartment of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Sonja EntringerInstitute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
Terrence ForresterSolutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
Barry W FudgeInstitute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Annelies H GorisFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Michael GurvenDepartment of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Catherine HamblyInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Asmaa El HamdouchiUnité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with African Regional Agreement for Research/International Atomic Energy Agency, Rabat, Morocco.
Marije B HoosFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Sumei HuState Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Noorjehan JoonasCentral Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius.
Annemiek M JoosenFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Peter KatzmarzykPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Kitty P KempenFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Misaka KimuraNational Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
William E KrausDepartment of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Robert F KushnerDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1930-9684
Estelle V LambertResearch Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
William R LeonardDepartment of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Nader LessanImperial College London Diabetes Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Corby K MartinPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Anine C MedinDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Erwin P MeijerFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
James C MorehenResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
James P MortonResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Marian L NeuhouserDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Theresa A NicklasDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Robert M OjiamboDepartment of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Kirsi H PietiläinenHelsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Yannis P PitsiladisCollaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom.
Jacob Plange-RhuleDepartment of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Guy PlasquiDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ross L PrenticeDivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Roberto A RabinovichDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Susan B RacetteProgram in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
David A RaichlenBiological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Eric RavussinPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2129-547X
Rebecca M ReynoldsCentre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Susan B RobertsJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1320-8460
Albertine J SchuitSchool of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Anders M SjödinDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eric SticeDepartment of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Samuel S UrlacherDepartment of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Giulio ValentiFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Ludo M Van EttenFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Edgar A Van MilFaculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, and Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jonathan C K WellsPopulation, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0411-8025
George WilsonResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Brian M WoodDepartment of Antropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jack YanovskiSection on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tsukasa YoshidaFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Xueying ZhangInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Alexia J Murphy-AlfordNutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Cornelia U LoechlNutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Amy H LukeDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
Herman PontzerEvolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Jennifer RoodPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Dale A SchoellerBiotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
William W WongDepartment of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
John R SpeakmanInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group
Maastricht University · NLTilburg University · NLLiverpool John Moores University · GBPennington Biomedical Research Center · USAgricultural Research Service · USUniversity of Aberdeen · GBUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USDuke University · USInternational Atomic Energy Agency · ATKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology · GHLoyola University Chicago · USNational Institute of Infectious Diseases · JPNorthwestern University · USTufts University · USUniversité Ibn-Tofail · MAUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Oslo · NOUniversity of Tsukuba · JPBaylor University · USCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FR
Funding
Tracking & Evaluation CoreU54GM104940 · NIGMS · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI JUDD E SHELLITO · 2012 to 2026
$69.1MUniversity of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1MWashington University Nutrition Obesity Research CenterP30DK056341 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jonathan R Brestoff · 1999 to 2026
$30.2MResearch BaseP30DK072476 · NIDDK · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI ROBERT A KESTERSON · 2005 to 2026
$26.5MNutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study (NPAAS)R01CA119171 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Marian L Neuhouser · 2006 to 2026
$14.3MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCI NIH HHS R01 CA119171NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056341NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072476NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940
Abstract
backgroundPhysical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.
objectivesA study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.
resultsPAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.
conclusionsIf these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.
Indexed as
Body CompositionExerciseAdipose TissueAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesEnergy MetabolismFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultagebody compositiondoubly labeled waterenergy expenditurephysical activity level
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