ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Socioeconomic inequities in diet quality among a nationally representative sample of adults living in Canada: an analysis of trends between 2004 and 2015.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Causal Forests in Practice: Lessons on Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Healthy Food Subsidy Program in Canada.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Beyond Nutrients: NOVA-Defined Dietary Patterns in Crohn's Disease and Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Neighbourhood deprivation and diet quality among a nationally representative sample of adults in Canada: an intersectional investigation.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Examining the associations between the food environment and dietary intake in British Columbia: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Enrichment of the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health Study: Protocol for Administering Multiple Online Dietary and Movement Behavior Assessment Tools in a Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Interrogating Theories and Mechanisms Underlying Educational Inequities in Diet Quality.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Review
- Restaurant marketing to kids in Canada: associations with restaurant consumption and appealing restaurant advertisement features in a nationally representative sample of Canadian young people aged 9-17 years.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Embodying disadvantage: a theoretically-informed analysis of pathways linking socioeconomic position with all-cause and cancer mortality in a nationally representative cohort of adults in Canada.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Beverage consumption among adults in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada prior to the implementation of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intakes of Ultraprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods in Nationally Representative Samples of Adults in Canada: An Analysis of Trends between 2004 and 2015.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Socio-demographic correlates of ultra-processed food consumption in Canada.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Sex-specific chrono-nutritional patterns and association with body weight in a general population in Spain (GCAT study).The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- Protecting traditional cultural food practices: Trends in diet quality and intake of ultra-processed foods by Indigenous status and race/ethnicity among a nationally representative sample of adults in Canada.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Bioactive compounds intake in the Brazilian population: Trends and determinants of socioeconomic inequalities between 2008 and 2018.PloS one · 2023Article
- Behavioral factors are perhaps more important than income in determining diet quality in Canada.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Trends in Socioeconomic Inequities in Diet Quality between 2004 and 2015 among a Nationally Representative Sample of Children in Canada.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic inequities in diet quality are stable or widening in the United States; however, these trends have not been well characterized in other nations. Moreover, purpose-developed indices of inequities that can provide a more comprehensive and precise perspective of trends in absolute and relative dietary gaps and gradients using multiple indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) have not yet been used, and can inform strategies to narrow dietary inequities.
objectivesWe quantified nationally representative trends in absolute and relative gaps and gradients in diet quality between 2004 and 2015 according to 3 indicators of SEP among adults in Canada.
methodsAdults (≥18 y old) who participated in the nationally representative, cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition in 2004 (n = 20,880) or 2015 (n = 13,970) were included. SEP was classified using household income (quintiles), education (5 categories), and neighborhood deprivation (quintiles). Dietary intake data from 24-h recalls were used to derive Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores. Dietary inequities were quantified using absolute and relative gaps (between the most and least disadvantaged) and absolute [Slope Index of Inequality (SII)] and relative gradients (Relative Index of Inequality). Overall and sex-stratified multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models examined trends in HEI-2015 scores between 2004 and 2015.
resultsMean HEI-2015 scores improved from 55.3 to 59.0 (maximum: 100); however, these trends were not consistently equitable. Whereas inequities in HEI-2015 scores were stable in the total population and in females, the absolute gap [from 1.60 (95% CI: 0.09, 3.10) to 4.27 (95% CI: 2.20, 6.34)] and gradient [from SII = 2.09 (95% CI: 0.45, 3.73) to SII = 4.84 (95% CI: 2.49, 7.20)] in HEI-2015 scores for household income, and the absolute gradient for education [from SII = 8.06 (95% CI: 6.41, 9.71) to SII = 10.52 (95% CI: 8.73, 12.31)], increased in males.
conclusionsAbsolute and relative gaps and gradients in overall diet quality remained stable or widened between 2004 and 2015 among adults in Canada.
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