ArticleeLife2021
Inequalities in the distribution of National Institutes of Health research project grant funding.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparing international and US medical graduates in surgical subspecialties: meta-analysis of residency matching, research output, and postoperative outcomes.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Pooled it
- Individual Research Behaviors and Research Funding Acquisition Across Fields and Career Periods: Regression Analysis.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
- What breaks when federal commitments break: comment on Beccia et al.SSM. Mental health · 2026Article
- Prestige at Play: University Hierarchies and the Reproduction of Funding Inequalities.Canadian review of sociology = Revue canadienne de sociologie · 2026Article
- Building strong grant writers in academic medicine: outcomes of early-career faculty enrolled in the University of California San Diego Health Sciences Grant Writing Course.Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges · 2026Article
- A thirty-year trend of increasing clinical orientation at the National Institutes of Health.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Productivity of National Cancer Institute K Awardees and Their Transition to Independent Funding.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025Article
- Composing authorship teams for health equity: an introduction to the health equity research production model.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Race and ethnicity matter! Moving Parkinson's risk research towards diversity and inclusiveness.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
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- Evolving funding strategies for research software: Insights from an international survey of research funders.PloS one · 2025Article
- Understanding Health Equity in Patient-Reported Outcomes.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Review
- Developing and Implementing a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Curriculum Self-reflection Process at a School of Public Health.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2024Article
- Promoting a MOSAIC future in science.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2024Article
- Social Justice, Community Engagement, and Undergraduate STEM Education: Participatory Science as a Teaching Tool.CBE life sciences education · 2024Article
- Elements of successful NIH grant applications.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and ΔPsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Using focused ethnography to inform biomedical research infrastructure enhancement at primarily undergraduate institutions.Advances in physiology education · 2024Review
- Funding for Refugee Health Research From the National Institutes of Health Between 2000 and 2020.JAMA network open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous reports have described worsening inequalities of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding. We analyzed Research Project Grant data through the end of Fiscal Year 2020, confirming worsening inequalities beginning at the time of the NIH budget doubling (1998-2003), while finding that trends in recent years have reversed for both investigators and institutions, but only to a modest degree. We also find that career-stage trends have stabilized, with equivalent proportions of early-, mid-, and late-career investigators funded from 2017 to 2020. The fraction of women among funded PIs continues to increase, but they are still not at parity. Analyses of funding inequalities show that inequalities for investigators, and to a lesser degree for institutions, have consistently been greater within groups (i.e. within groups by career stage, gender, race, and degree) than between groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.