Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34476199›Full record

ReviewQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery2021

The role of 4D flow MRI for clinical applications in cardiovascular disease: current status and future perspectives.

Baiyan Zhuang, Arlene Sirajuddin, Shihua Zhao, Minjie Lu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Fully self-gated dual-venc five-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for simultaneous imaging of the cardiovascular and portal venous systems: A feasibility study.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Recent Progress in Blood Flow Sensing.Sensors and actuators. A, Physical · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Observational
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. A Non-Invasive Approach to Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025
    Review
  17. Adding a New Dimension to PH Imaging.Pulmonary circulation · 2025
    Article
  18. Fully automated on-scanner aortic four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging processing and hemodynamic analysis.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2025
    Article
  19. Editorial: Pre-interventional cardiac imaging.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Baiyan ZhuangDepartment of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Arlene SirajuddinNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Shihua ZhaoDepartment of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Minjie LuDepartment of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) four-dimensional (4D) flow is a type of phase-contrast (PC) MRI that uses blood flow encoded in 3 directions, which is resolved relative to 3 spatial and temporal dimensions of cardiac circulation. It can be used to simultaneously quantify and visualize hemodynamics or morphology disorders. 4D flow MRI is more comprehensive and accurate than two-dimensional (2D) PC MRI and echocardiography. 4D flow MRI provides numerous hemodynamic parameters that are not limited to the basic 2D parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS), pulse wave velocity (PWV), kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), pressure gradient, and flow component analysis. 4D flow MRI is widely used to image many parts of the body, such as the neck, brain, and liver, and has a wide application spectrum to cardiac diseases and large vessels. This present review aims to summarize the hemodynamic parameters of 4D flow MRI technology and generalize their usefulness in clinical practice in relation to the cardiovascular system. In addition, we note the improvements that have been made to 4D flow MRI with the application of new technologies. The application of new technologies can improve the speed of 4D flow, which would benefit clinical applications.

Indexed as

cardiovascular systemhemodynamicsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Identifiers

PMID34476199
PMCPMC8339660

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.