ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2021
The new WHO classification of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor 2 and 5.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epigenetic Dysregulation of Somatostatin Receptors (SSTR) 1-5 and Therapeutic Implications in Neuroendocrine and Non-Neuroendocrine Malignancies.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- The Molecular and Immunological Landscape in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Differs by Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2) Expression.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Thymic neuroendocrine tumours: molecular landscape, immune microenvironment and therapeutic perspectives.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Gastric carcinoid with metastasis to a regional lymph node in a dog: case report.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological and molecular determinants of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: toward precision risk stratification.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Infiltration of TIM4-positive intratumoral macrophages serves as an adverse prognostic factor in breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Morphology, WHO 2022 Grading, and Prognostic Perspectives.Cureus · 2026Review
- T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1 (Tim1) as a Prognostic Factor Associated With Therapeutic Resistance in Human Breast Carcinoma.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- The Role of Radioligand Therapy in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Italian Expert Opinion.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Delta-Like Ligand 3 Expression and Functional Imaging in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.JCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- The Genomic Topography of Appendiceal Cancers: Our Current Understanding, Clinical Perspectives, and Future Directions.Cancers · 2025Review
- A Deep Learning Framework for Classification of Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Whole Slide Images.Cancers · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic insight into lung neuroendocrine tumors: Notch and Wnt signaling pathways as potential targets.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of Delayed Surgery on Local Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Is Surveillance a Feasible Option?Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors: What's Next?Gut and liver · 2025Article
- Review
- Critical considerations for the management of gastrointestinal mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- PostoperativeANZ journal of surgery · 2024Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
The 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gastrointestinal tumors defines well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors, the mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine tumors (MiNENs) and classifies goblet cell carcinoid as goblet cell adenocarcinoma. The expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) is the foundation for somatostatin analogue therapy. At present, there are only a few studies that have analyzed the immunohistochemical reactivity of SSTRs in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in gastrointestinal NENs and goblet cell adenocarcinomas and the correlation of these markers with clinical and morphological factors. The study included 67 patients with NENs and 4 patients with adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2018. Tumors were reclassified according to the 2019 WHO classification. Immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Ki-67, p53, SSTR2, and SSTR5 were performed in all the cases. The results showed that, G1 and G2 neuroendocrine tumors were more common SSTR2-positive in comparison with G3 carcinomas (P<0.0001). In addition, 33.3% of neuroendocrine carcinomas and 2 cases of low-grade adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid were SSTR2-positive. Neuroendocrine carcinomas had significantly lower SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression compared with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (P=0.0130; P=0.0437, respectively). The SSTR2 expression in the early tumor stages was 100%, more often than in advanced stages (55.6%; P=0.0011). The results demonstrated the decrease in SSTR2 expression with increasing malignancy and tumor stage. The SSTR2-positive expression in neuroendocrine carcinomas and adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid provides evidence for the benefits of somatostatin analog treatment associated with surgery and chemotherapy.
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