ArticlePatient preference and adherence2021
Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) into the Nepalese Language.
Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05707481 (Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Led Intervention on Management of Diabetic Hypertensive Patients.), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Led Intervention on Management of Diabetic Hypertensive Patients.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Medication Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hypertensive Patients in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Factors associated with medication adherence and perceived treatment barriers among Nepali women with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: A cross- sectional study.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of medication adherence in Moroccan patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Medication adherence scales in non-communicable diseases: A scoping review of design gaps, constructs and validation processes.PloS one · 2025Article
- Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the general medication adherence scale (GMAS) in patients with high blood pressure.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Translation and validation of the Sindhi version of the general medication adherence scale in patients with chronic diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hill Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale to Nepalese Language.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Factors associated with disease knowledge and medication adherence among rheumatoid arthritis patients attending a private rheumatology clinic: A cross-sectional study.Sage open chronic diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) evaluates intentional and unintentional behaviour of patients, disease and medication burden and cost-related burden associated with non-adherence. GMAS was developed and validated among Urdu-speaking patients with chronic diseases. However, validated tool in Nepalese language to measure medication adherence among chronic illness patients currently does not exist.
aimTo translate, culturally adapt, and validate the English version of GMAS into the Nepalese language to measure medication adherence among chronic illness patients.
methodsThe study was conducted among patients with chronic diseases in both hospital and community pharmacies of Nepal. The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Good Practice Guideline for linguistic translation and cultural adaptation was used to translate and culturally adapt the English version of GMAS into the Nepalese version. The translated version was validated amongst patients with chronic diseases in Nepal. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were analysed.
resultsA total of 220 (53.6% females, and 51.4% of 51 to 70 aged patients) patients with chronic diseases participated in the study. The majority of patients took two medications (27.3%) from six months to five and half years (68.2%). Kaiser Meyer Olkin was found to be 0.83. A principal axis factor analysis was conducted on the 3 items of GMAS without and with orthogonal rotation (varimax). The scree plot showed an inflexion on the third item that meant three components were present. The overall Cronbach's alpha value of the full-phase study was 0.82.
conclusionThe General Medication Adherence Scale was successfully translated into the Nepalese language, culturally adapted, and validated amongst chronic diseases patients of Nepal. Therefore, the GMAS-Nepalese version can be used to evaluate medication adherence among Nepalese-speaking patients with chronic disease.
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