ArticleScientific reports2021
Association of visual impairment with cognitive decline among older adults in Taiwan.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The validity of visual and hearing impairment in predicting dementia and cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Mild cognitive impairment risk related to multiple functional impairments in older adults in Taiwan.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Effect of Vocational Training on Visually Impaired People's Quality of Life.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Vision impairment, hearing impairment and functional Limitations of subjective cognitive decline: a population-based study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Combined effects of handgrip strength and sensory impairment on the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults in Korea.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the association between visual impairment and cognitive decline among the elderly in Taiwan. The data were obtained from a government-sponsored, annual physical examination program for elderly citizens ≥ 65 years in Taipei City during 2005-2012. Distance presenting visual acuity was measured using the Snellen chart. Visual impairment was classified into low vision and blindness. The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) was selected to measure cognitive decline. The confounding factors including age, sex, sociodemographic factors: living status, marital status, education level, health behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, and physical comorbidities: BMI, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol and triglyceride were collected for analysis. We recruited 105,208 participants and 4542 (4.3%) have abnormal SPMSQ. The abnormal SPMSQ had significantly higher prevalence of low vision (44.52% vs 18.79%) and blindness (8.89% vs 0.93%) compared with normal SPMSQ. The hazard ratios of abnormal SPMSQ in low vision and blindness were 2.34 (95% CI 2.17-2.52), and 5.13 (95% CI 4.50-5.85), after adjustment for confounders. In conclusion, visual impairment was independently and significantly associated with greater incident cognitive decline among elderly Asian people. Prevention of visual impairment may help to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline in the aged Asian population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.