ArticleNPJ vaccines2021
Japanese encephalitis virus live attenuated vaccine strains display altered immunogenicity, virulence and genetic diversity.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel case of autosomal recessive CARD11 loss-of-function underlying impaired antiviral immunity and a review of literature.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Construction and Evaluation of a Chimeric Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Candidate Strain with Chaoyang Virus as the Backbone.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Thioester-Containing Protein TEP27 inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges in Vaccination and Therapeutic Strategies Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- One Health Approach in the Era of Emerging Viruses: The Challenge of Usutu Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunity to Non-Dengue Flaviviruses Impacts Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specificity in Cambodia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
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- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Japanese encephalitis virus-induced DNA methylation contributes to blood-brain barrier permeability by modulating tight junction protein expression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Article
- Epitope(s) involving amino acids of the fusion loop of Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein is(are) important to elicit protective immunity.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Multiplexed multicolor antiviral assay amenable for high-throughput research.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Development of nucleic acid-based vaccines against dengue and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses: the past, present, and future.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A Novel, Comprehensive A129 Mouse Model for Investigating Dengue Vaccines and Evaluating Pathogenesis.Vaccines · 2023Article
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- Novel approaches for the rapid development of rationally designed arbovirus vaccines.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Advances in Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines in Response to Future Virus Evolution.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
- Investigation of immune response induction by Japanese encephalitis live-attenuated and chimeric vaccines in mice.MedComm · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE). The most commonly used vaccine used to prevent JE is the live-attenuated strain SA14-14-2, which was generated by serial passage of the wild-type (WT) JEV strain SA14. Two other vaccine candidates, SA14-5-3 and SA14-2-8 were derived from SA14. Both were shown to be attenuated but lacked sufficient immunogenicity to be considered effective vaccines. To better contrast the SA14-14-2 vaccine with its less-immunogenic counterparts, genetic diversity, ribavirin sensitivity, mouse virulence and mouse immunogenicity of the three vaccines were investigated. Next generation sequencing demonstrated that SA14-14-2 was significantly more diverse than both SA14-5-3 and SA14-2-8, and was slightly less diverse than WT SA14. Notably, WT SA14 had unpredictable levels of diversity across its genome whereas SA14-14-2 is highly diverse, but genetic diversity is not random, rather the virus only tolerates variability at certain residues. Using Ribavirin sensitivity in vitro, it was found that SA14-14-2 has a lower fidelity replication complex compared to SA14-5-3 and SA14-2-8. Mouse virulence studies showed that SA14-2-8 was the most virulent of the three vaccine strains while SA14-14-2 had the most favorable combination of safety (virulence) and immunogenicity for all vaccines tested. SA14-14-2 contains genetic diversity and sensitivity to the antiviral Ribavirin similar to WT parent SA14, and this genetic diversity likely explains the (1) differences in genomic sequences reported for SA14-14-2 and (2) the encoding of major attenuation determinants by the viral E protein.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.