ArticleBMJ open2021
Estimate of global human papillomavirus vaccination coverage: analysis of country-level indicators.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of gender-neutral HPV vaccination programmes in preventing HPV-associated oral cancers: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers to HPV Vaccination in Brazil: A Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Perspectives of HPV vaccine decision-making among young adults: A qualitative systematic review and evidence synthesis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Educational interventions and communication strategies to improve HPV immunization uptake: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Healthcare worker practices for HPV vaccine recommendation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of HPV vaccination in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of human papillomavirus education on human papillomavirus knowledge and gynecologic cancer awareness among women aged 18-49: a randomized controlled study.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Trial
- Cemiplimab monotherapy in Japanese patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Trial
- HPV Education and Its Impact on Vaccination Willingness and Recommendation Intentions Among Unvaccinated Japanese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with HPV Vaccination Among Japanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 7 C Vaccination Readiness Model.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026Article
- Article
- Global burden trends and menopause timing associations for gynecological and breast cancers in postmenopausal women.iScience · 2026Article
- Partnership Driving Impact: An Integrated Women-Centric Model to Improve Early Detection and Treatment of Cervical and Breast Cancer in Ghana and India.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Escape room-based learning for HPV vaccine education in Japanese female university students: a controlled, three-group study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Menstrual, reproductive, and contraceptive factors associated with cervical cancer in women aged ≤35 years: an individually matched case-control study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers: unraveling the impact of cultural beliefs and misconceptions on HPV vaccination uptake-the narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Strengthened HPV vaccination among adolescents living with HIV, - Findings of a Pilot QI project in Kampala Metropolitan, Uganda.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Cross-country analysis on HPV vaccination behaviors among health workers and parents: a qualitative report from seven middle-income countries.Vaccine: X · 2025Article
- Comparison of boiling versus magnetic bead techniques in nucleic acid extraction for human papillomavirus detection: evidence based 17,179 cases.Virology journal · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMortality rates from cervical cancer demonstrate deep inequality in health between richer and poorer populations. Over 310 000 women died of this preventable disease in 2018, mostly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where screening and treatment are beyond the capacity of health systems. Immunisation against human papillomavirus (HPV) offers a primary prevention strategy, but rates of vaccination uptake are unclear. Understanding coverage levels and factors affecting uptake can inform immunisation strategies.
objectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the status of HPV vaccination coverage from nationally reported indicators and to estimate global coverage in a single year cohort of vaccine-eligible girls.
designThis study provides quantitative population-level estimates of important global health indicators. Using data from the Global Cancer Observatory and WHO/UNICEF, incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer and HPV vaccination coverage are described for countries, categorised by income group. Characteristics of LMICs achieving high coverage are explored using selected development indicators from World Bank sources. Global HPV immunisation coverage is calculated and its impact on cervical cancer mortality estimated.
resultsIncidence and mortality for cervical cancer correlate with poverty. Whilst all WHO member states report high infant measles vaccination rates, fewer than half report on HPV vaccination. Even amongst high-income countries, coverage varies widely. In upper-middle-income countries, there is a trend for higher coverage with increased health spending per capita. Four LMICs report good coverage levels, all associated with external funding. Global HPV immunisation coverage for 2018 is estimated at 12.2%. Of the global cohort of 61 million 15-year-old girls in 2018, 7000 are likely to die from cervical cancer, almost all in LMICs.
conclusionsCountries in all income groups must devise strategies to achieve and maintain higher levels of HPV immunisation. For all but the richest, affordability remains a barrier.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.