Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34475161›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Disparities in multiple sleep characteristics among non-Hispanic White and Hispanic/Latino adults by birthplace and language preference: cross-sectional results from the US National Health Interview Survey.

Symielle A Gaston, Erline E Martinez-Miller, John McGrath, W Braxton Jackson Ii, Anna Napoles, Eliseo Pérez-Stable, Chandra L Jackson

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Voces Latinas: A Qualitative Study of Cultural Values and Sleep Health, Insights from Latina Community Health Workers.Hispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Understanding the Stress Process Among Mexican American Adults Aged 50 and Older in the United States.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
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  8. Longitudinal Associations Between Sleep and Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Older Puerto Rican Adults: Sex and Age Interactions.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Symielle A GastonEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insitutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9495-1592
Erline E Martinez-MillerSocial & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holding Company, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
John McGrathSocial & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holding Company, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
W Braxton Jackson IiSocial & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holding Company, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Anna NapolesOffice of the Scientific Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Eliseo Pérez-StableOffice of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Chandra L JacksonEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Insitutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA chandra.jackson@nih.gov.
National Institutes of Health · USSocial and Scientific Systems (United States) · USNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate whether sleep disparities vary by birthplace among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic/Latino adults in the USA and to investigate language preference as an effect modifier.

designCross-sectional.

settingUSA.

participants254 699 men and women.

methodsWe used pooled 2004-2017 National Health Interview Survey data. Adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioural/clinical characteristics, survey-weighted Poisson regressions with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of self-reported sleep characteristics (eg, sleep duration, trouble staying asleep) among (1) foreign-born NHW adults and Hispanic/Latino heritage groups versus US-born NHW adults and (2) Hispanic/Latino heritage groups versus foreign-born NHW adults. We further stratified by language preference in comparisons of Hispanic/Latino heritage groups with the US-born NHW group.

resultsAmong 254 699 participants with a mean age±SE 47±0.9 years, 81% self-identified their race/ethnicity as NHW, 12% Mexican, 2% Puerto Rican, 1% Cuban, 1% Dominican and 3% Central/South American. Compared with US-born NHW adults, foreign-born NHW adults were more likely to report poor sleep quality (eg, PR

conclusionSleep disparities varied by birthplace, Hispanic/Latino heritage and language preference, and each characteristic should be considered in sleep disparities research.

Indexed as

EthnicityLanguageAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedSleepUnited Statesepidemiologypublic healthsleep medicinesocial medicine

Identifiers

PMID34475161
PMCPMC8413971
OpenAlexW3198731183

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.