ArticleInternational journal of biological macromolecules2021
Characterization and immunomodulatory activity of sulfated galactan from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri.
Article in International journal of biological macromolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sulfated galactans fromiScience · 2026Article
- Degraded sulfated galactan derived fromMolecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Multi-applications and Aquaculture of Seaweeds: Environmental Improvement, Health Benefit, and Sustainable Valorization with Integrated Artificial Intelligence.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Low molecular weight sulfated galactan attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- β-galactanase: an effective tool for the degradation of plant β-ᴅ-galactan.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Marine-Derived Polysaccharide Hydrogels: Innovative Applications and Challenges in Emerging Food Fields.Polymers · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive, Analytical Narrative Review of Polysaccharides from the Red SeaweedNutrients · 2025Review
- Unveiling the immunomodulatory properties of starch microparticles on alveolar macrophages.PloS one · 2025Article
- Harnessing marine algal polysaccharides for combination cancer therapy: pharmacological mechanisms and clinical perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Anti-Melanogenesis and Anti-Photoaging Effects of the Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Brown SeaweedPolymers · 2023Article
- FTIR Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharides Obtained fromMarine drugs · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Polysaccharides from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri possess many functions, which include antioxidant, antiviral, and antibacterial activities. However, detailed data on their immunomodulatory activities are scarce. Here, we isolated sulfated galactans (SG) from G. fisheri. We found that the predominant SG from G. fisheri, termed SG-1, had an estimated molecular mass of 100 kDa and activated murine J774A.1 macrophages via the dectin-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we observed enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) secretion, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins IL-1β and IL-6 by SG-1 in macrophages. Moreover, there was higher expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and co-stimulatory molecules (B7-1 and B7-2) mRNA. Treatment with G. fisheri SG-1 at 50 μg/mL generally achieved or exceeded the pro-inflammatory activities of 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide. Our study demonstrates immune-stimulatory activities of G. fisheri SG that may be of value for immune-potentiating treatment in humans or livestock.
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