ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2021
Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard-to-reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Results and Strategies for a Diversity-Oriented Public Health Monitoring in Germany.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Strategies for recruiting participants underrepresented in clinical research: A scoping review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- "It's Whack, It's Not Gonna Work": Feasibility of Sociocentric Network Recruitment for Interventions Among Black, Latine, and Caribbean Priority Populations in New York City.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2025Article
- Exploring Different Sampling Strategies: A Description of Our Success in Reaching Hard-to-Reach Turkish and Moroccan Immigrant Women in The Netherlands.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Article
- The Impact of Stigma and Sexual Identity on PrEP Awareness and Use Among At-Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men in Four U.S. Cities (HPTN 078).Stigma and health · 2024Article
- Evaluating enrollment and representation in COVID-19 and HIV vaccine clinical trials.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Improving web-based respondent-driven sampling performance among men who have sex with men in the Netherlands.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- "The role of case management in HIV treatment adherence: HPTN 078".AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThere is an urgent need to identify men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads to prevent transmission. Though respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is traditionally used for hard-to-reach populations, we compare how RDS and direct recruitment (DR) perform in identifying MSM living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads and identifying MSM with socio-demographics characteristic of hard-to-reach populations.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis among 1305 MSM who were recruited from March 2016 to December 2017 for a case management intervention trial (HPTN 078). We recruited participants across four cities using RDS and DR methods: Birmingham, AL; Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; and Boston, MA. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and underwent HIV testing. We compare the proportion of MSM with HIV and unsuppressed viral loads (HIV RNA
resultsRDS recruited 721 men (55.2%) and DR yielded 584 men (44.8%). Overall, 69% were living with HIV, of whom 18% were not virally suppressed. HIV prevalence was higher among those recruited via DR (84%) compared to RDS (58%), p < 0.0001. Twenty per cent of DR recruits were not virally suppressed compared to 15% of RDS, though this was not significant. DR yielded a significantly higher proportion of Black participants and those with less than a high school diploma. The prevalence of low income, no healthcare coverage, bisexuality and hidden sexuality increased across RDS waves.
conclusionsDR was more efficient in identifying MSM living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads; however, there was a higher proportion of hard-to-reach MSM who were low income, lacked health coverage, were bisexual and were not open with their sexuality in deeper waves of RDS. Researchers should consider supplementing RDS recruitment with DR efforts if aiming to identify MSM with unsuppressed viral loads via RDS.
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