ReviewFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2021
Tryptophan-derived serotonin-kynurenine balance in immune activation and intestinal inflammation.
Review in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Exploring the Fecal Metabolome in Infants With Cow's Milk Allergy: The Distinct Impacts of Cow's Milk Protein Tolerance Acquisition and of Synbiotic Supplementation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Article
- Microbiome-driven alterations in tryptophan metabolism contribute to behavioral comorbidities in the Muc2 knockout mouse model of chronic colitis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The gut microbiota-tryptophan metabolism-immune axis in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Regulate AhR Signaling to Restore Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Associated Amino Acid Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Emerging Key Players in the Host-Microbe Interface.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Pouchitis: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Modulation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Integrated biomarkers of oxidative stress NLRP3 inflammasome and kynurenine pathway reflect disease severity and diagnostic discrimination in depression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Kynurenine Pathway: Unraveling Its Role in Neurological Disorders via Mammalian Cellular Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Spleen Metabolome Reveals Immune-Mediated Responses Modulated by Onion Peel Extract inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Tryptophan Metabolism in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Focus on the Kynurenine Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Decoding ulcerative colitis pathogenesis through transcriptomics: from dysregulated gene networks to targeted intervention strategies.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- The Role of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function and Dementia Through Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis Modulation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Astragaloside IV Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Host-Gut Tryptophan Metabolism.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metabolic Modulation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by 1-Deoxynojirimycin: A Multifaceted Approach.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Alterations in the Serotonergic Synapse Pathway and a Robust Diagnostic Model in Ulcerative Colitis.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of tryptophan metabolism in gut-brain signaling transduction: a narrative review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous tryptophan metabolism pathways lead to the production of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are involved in a multitude of immunological functions in both health and disease states. Ingested tryptophan is largely shunted to the kynurenine pathway (95%) while only minor portions (1%-2%) are sequestered for 5-HT production. Though often associated with the functioning of the central nervous system, significant production of 5-HT, kynurenine and their downstream metabolites takes place within the gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that these metabolites have essential roles in regulating immune cell function, intestinal inflammation, as well as in altering the production and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both 5-HT and kynurenine have a considerable influence on gut microbiota suggesting that these metabolites impact host physiology both directly and indirectly via compositional changes. It is also now evident that complex interactions exist between the two pathways to maintain gut homeostasis. Alterations in 5-HT and kynurenine are implicated in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal dysfunctions, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, these pathways present numerous potential therapeutic targets, manipulation of which may aid those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. This review aims to update both the role of 5-HT and kynurenine in immune regulation and intestinal inflammation, and analyze the current knowledge of the relationship and interactions between 5-HT and kynurenine pathways.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.