Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34473285›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surveillance, prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: a global survey.

Sara Tomczyk, Angelina Taylor, Allison Brown, Marlieke E A de Kraker, Aiman El-Saed, Majid Alshamrani, Rene S Hendriksen, Megan Jacob, Sonja Löfmark, Olga Perovic and 8 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
99citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
15.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

99 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Antimicrobial resistance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Brazil.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
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39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.

Sara TomczykRobert Koch Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6975-2663
Angelina TaylorRobert Koch Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.
Allison BrownCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for International Monitoring of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Marlieke E A de KrakerGeneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0903-8614
Aiman El-SaedKing Abdulaziz Medical City, WHO Collaborating Centre for Infection Prevention and Control and Anti-Microbial, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Majid AlshamraniKing Abdulaziz Medical City, WHO Collaborating Centre for Infection Prevention and Control and Anti-Microbial, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rene S HendriksenTechnical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Megan JacobCollege of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Global One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance Initiatives, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Sonja LöfmarkPublic Health Agency of Sweden, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Containment, Stockholm, Sweden.
Olga PerovicNational Institute for Communicable Diseases and School of Pathology at University of Witwatersrand, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-5580-4629
Nandini ShettyNational Infection Service Laboratories, Public Health England, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections, London, UK.
Dawn SievertCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for International Monitoring of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Rachel SmithCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for International Monitoring of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents, Atlanta, GA, USA.
John StellingBrigham and Women's Hospital, WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA, USA.
Siddhartha ThakurCollege of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Global One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance Initiatives, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Ann Christin VietorRobert Koch Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.
Tim EckmannsRobert Koch Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Berlin, Germany.
WHO AMR Surveillance and Quality Assessment Collaborating Centres Network
Robert Koch Institute · DECenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USKing Abdulaziz Medical City · SANorth Carolina State University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USPublic Health Agency of Sweden · SEPublic Health England · GBTechnical University of Denmark · DKUniversity Hospital of Geneva · CHUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZA

Funding

German Federal Ministry of HealthGlobal Protection Programme (GHPP) at the German Federal Ministry of Healththe Global Protection Programme (GHPP)the Network at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Germanythe WHO AMR Surveillance and Quality Assessment Collaborating Centres NetworkWHO AMR Surveillance and Quality Assessment Collaborating Centres NetworkWHO Collaborating CentresWHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) team (Sergey Eremin and Barbara Tornimbene)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on health systems. The WHO Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Surveillance and Quality Assessment Collaborating Centres Network conducted a survey to assess the effects of COVID-19 on AMR surveillance, prevention and control.

methodsFrom October to December 2020, WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) national focal points completed a questionnaire, including Likert scales and open-ended questions. Data were descriptively analysed, income/regional differences were assessed and free-text questions were thematically analysed.

resultsSeventy-three countries across income levels participated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 67% reported limited ability to work with AMR partnerships; decreases in funding were frequently reported by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs; P < 0.01). Reduced availability of nursing, medical and public health staff for AMR was reported by 71%, 69% and 64%, respectively, whereas 67% reported stable cleaning staff availability. The majority (58%) reported reduced reagents/consumables, particularly LMICs (P < 0.01). Decreased numbers of cultures, elective procedures, chronically ill admissions and outpatients and increased ICU admissions reported could bias AMR data. Reported overall infection prevention and control (IPC) improvement could decrease AMR rates, whereas increases in selected inappropriate IPC practices and antimicrobial prescribing could increase rates. Most did not yet have complete data on changing AMR rates due to COVID-19.

conclusionsThis was the first survey to explore the global impact of COVID-19 on AMR among GLASS countries. Responses highlight important actions to help ensure that AMR remains a global health priority, including engaging with GLASS to facilitate reliable AMR surveillance data, seizing the opportunity to develop more sustainable IPC programmes, promoting integrated antibiotic stewardship guidance, leveraging increased laboratory capabilities and other system-strengthening efforts.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsCOVID-19Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agents

Identifiers

PMID34473285
PMCPMC8499888
OpenAlexW3197379249

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.