ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Evolution of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms During the First 12 Months After Illness Onset.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05736939 (Gender Differences in the Recovery Rate Following a Hybrid Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme in Patients With Long COVID-19 Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gender Differences in the Recovery Rate Following a Hybrid Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme in Patients With Long COVID-19 Syndrome
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent inflammatory cytokine signature in long Covid-19 patients: a meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Symptom Duration and Resolution With Early Outpatient Treatment of Convalescent Plasma for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Quality of life among individuals with long COVID symptoms in Indonesia at four points of recovery.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of physiological and mental health changes following acute COVID-19 in Uganda.Communications health · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life of adult post COVID-19 condition patients three years after infection and patient characteristics associated with change over time: a longitudinal analysis from the CORFU study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Long-term multidimensional patient-centred outcomes after hospitalisation for COVID-19: do not only focus on disease severity.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring the Feasibility of a Digital Combined Lifestyle Intervention for Patients With Post Covid-19 Condition.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Utilizing Google Trends data to enhance forecasts and monitor long COVID prevalence.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Evolution of long COVID over two years in hospitalised and non-hospitalised survivors in Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Deep profiling of B cells responding to various pathogens uncovers compartments in IgG memory B cell and antibody-secreting lineages.Science advances · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of post-COVID-19-related symptoms: an extended follow-up among employees in health and welfare services in Germany: a short report.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Long-term symptom burden in a young, ambulatory cohort after the omicron outbreak in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Social determinants of recovery from ongoing symptoms following COVID-19 in two UK longitudinal studies: a prospective cohort study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric Burden of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Its Physiopathology, Underlying Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Progression of Symptoms in Post COVID-19 Patients: A Multicentre, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Long-term impact of COVID-19 hospitalisation among individuals with pre-existing airway diseases in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study - PHOSP-COVID.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew robust longitudinal data on long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are available. We evaluated symptom onset, severity and recovery across the full spectrum of disease severity, up to one year after illness onset.
methodsThe RECoVERED Study is a prospective cohort study based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants aged ≥18 years were enrolled following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis via the local public health service and from hospitals. Standardized symptom questionnaires were completed at enrollment, 1 week and month later, and monthly thereafter. Clinical severity was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to compare time from illness onset to symptom recovery, by clinical severity. We examined determinants of time to recovery using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsBetween 11 May 2020 and 1 May 2021, 342 COVID-19 patients (192 [56%] male) were enrolled, of whom 99/342 (29%) had mild, 145/342 (42%) moderate, 56/342 (16%) severe, and 42/342 (12%) critical disease. The proportion of participants who reported at least 1 persistent symptom at 12 weeks after illness onset was greater in those with severe/critical disease (86.7% [95% confidence interval {CI} = 76.5-92.7%]) compared to those with mild or moderate disease (30.7% [95% CI = 21.1-40.9%] and 63.8% [95% CI = 54.8-71.5%], respectively). At 12 months after illness onset, two-fifths of participants (40.7% [95% CI = 34.2-7.1]) continued to report ≥1 symptom. Recovery was slower in female compared to male participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.65 [95% CI = .47-.92]) and those with a body mass index [BMI] ≥30kg/m2 compared to BMI <25kg/m2 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62 [95% CI = .39-.97]).
conclusionsCOVID-19 symptoms persisted for one year after illness onset, even in some individuals with mild disease. Female sex and obesity were the most important determinants of speed of recovery from symptoms.
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