ArticleBlood advances2021
Racial and ethnic enrollment disparities and demographic reporting requirements in acute leukemia clinical trials.
Article in Blood advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Demographic Representation in Clinical Trials for Transthyretin-Associated Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Systematic Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Racial and ethnic disparities in enrollment for clinical trials of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- The Trial Enrollment Diversity Dashboard for Acute Leukemia Clinical Research: Intervention Development and Cohort Analysis.JCO oncology practice · 2025Trial
- The global epidemiology of acute myeloid leukaemia.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- AML Disparities Across Racial Ancestry Groups: A Spotlight on the NPM1 Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Health Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy Targeting FLT3, IDH1, or IDH2.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to representative acute leukemia trial participation at National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Risk of early death after acute leukemia diagnosis among adolescents and young adults.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- Race and age disparities in randomized trials of acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Blood neoplasia · 2025Review
- Real-world treatment outcomes from a retrospective cohort of patients with acute myeloid leukemia from an urban safety net hospital.Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners · 2025Article
- Evolving racial/ethnic disparities in AML survival in the novel therapy era.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Outcomes After Brexucabtagene Autoleucel Administered as a Standard Therapy for Adults With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell ALL.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Sex, Race, and Ethnic Representation in Burn Registered Clinical Trials.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Abatement of the Survival Cliff in Older Adolescents and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in the United States.Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology · 2025Article
- Multiomic profiling identifies predictors of survival in African American patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Nature genetics · 2024Article
- The American Society of Hematology Health Equity Compendium: examining health equity across the Blood journals.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Global Trial Representation and Availability of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.Cancers · 2024Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Interventional Clinical Trials in High-Grade Glioma Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic associations with comprehensive cancer center access and clinical trial enrollment for acute leukemia.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Race and ethnicity reporting and representation in hemophilia clinical trials.Blood advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Data regarding racial and ethnic enrollment diversity for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) clinical trials in the United States are limited, and little is known about the effect of federal reporting requirements instituted in the late 2000s. We examined demographic data reporting and enrollment diversity for ALL and AML trials in the United States from 2002 to 2017, as well as changes in reporting and diversity after reporting requirements were instituted. Of 223 AML trials and 97 ALL trials with results on ClinicalTrials.gov, 68 (30.5%) and 51 (52.6%) reported enrollment by both race and ethnicity. Among trials that reported race and ethnicity (AML, n = 6554; ALL, n = 4149), non-Hispanic (NH)-Black, NH-Native American, NH-Asian, and Hispanic patients had significantly lower enrollment compared with NH-White patients after adjusting for race-ethnic disease incidence (AML odds ratio, 0.68, 0.31, 0.75, and 0.83, respectively; ALL odds ratio, 0.74, 0.27, 0.67, and 0.64; all, P ≤ .01). The proportion of trials reporting race increased significantly after implementation of the reporting requirements (44.2% to 60.2%; P = .02), but race-ethnicity reporting did not (34.8% to 38.6%; P = .57). Reporting proportions according to number of patients enrolled increased significantly after the reporting requirements were instituted (race, 51.7% to 72.7%; race-ethnicity, 39.5% to 45.4%; both, P < .001), and relative enrollment of NH-Black and Hispanic patients decreased (AML odds ratio, 0.79 and 0.77; ALL odds ratio, 0.35 and 0.25; both P ≤ .01). These data suggest that demographic enrollment reporting for acute leukemia trials is suboptimal, changes in diversity after the reporting requirements may be due to additional enrollment disparities that were previously unreported, and enrollment diversification strategies specific to acute leukemia care delivery are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.