ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2021
Objective and Subjective Behavioral Measures in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Sun-like Spectrum With Different Spectrum Composition on Retinal Blood Flow in School Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of Different Outdoor Light Exposure Modes on Retinal Blood Flow in School Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of remote learning during the COVID-19 lockdown on children's visual health: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and associated public health measures increase the progression of myopia among children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- IMI: The Role of Light in Refractive Development and Myopia: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Measuring the visual environment of children and young people at risk of myopia: a scoping review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Myopia Among Schoolchildren and the Impact of Increased Screen Time: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Development of the University of Houston near work, environment, activity, and refraction (UH NEAR) survey for myopia.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2024Article
- Compensatory Interactions between Corneal and Internal Astigmatism despite Lifestyle Changes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Smart Devices in Optometry: Current and Future Perspectives to Clinical Optometry.Clinical optometry · 2024Review
- Genetic correlation and causal relationship between sleep and myopia: a mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Myopia risk behaviour related to the COVID-19 lockdown in Europe: The generation R study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023Article
- Orthokeratology compliance, digital device use, and myopia control among children with myopia during COVID-19 home confinement in Taiwan.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Subjective behavioral measures in myopic and pre-myopic children before and after the COVID lockdown.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Using Light Meters to Investigate the Light-Myopia Association - A Literature Review of Devices and Research Methods.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2023Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Myopia Progression in Children: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2022Review
- Editorial: Myopia: Public health challenges and interventions.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Myopia and axial length in school-aged children before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown-A population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The Impact of Study-at-Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Myopia Progression in Chinese Children.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- The outdoor time in non-myopic children has decreased to that of myopic children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required a shift to electronic devices for education and entertainment, with children more confined to home, which may affect eye growth and myopia. Our goal was to assess behaviors during COVID-19 in myopic and non-myopic children. Methods: Parents completed a questionnaire for their children (ages 8.3 ± 2.4 years, n = 53) regarding visual activity in summer 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during school time and the summer before COVID-19. Children also wore an Actiwatch for 10 days in summer 2020 for objective measures of light exposure, activity, and sleep. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Subjective measures showed that during COVID-19, children exhibited increased electronic device use and decreased activity and time outdoors (P < 0.05 for all), while time spent doing near work was not different than during a typical school or summer session before COVID-19 (P > 0.05). Objective measures during COVID-19 showed that myopic children exhibited lower daily light exposure (P = 0.04) and less activity (P = 0.04) than non-myopic children. Conclusions: Children demonstrated increased electronic device use and decreased activity and time outdoors during COVID-19, with myopic children exhibiting lower light exposure and activity than non-myopes. Long-term follow-up is needed to understand if these behavioral changes ultimately contribute to myopia progression. Translational Relevance: Children's behaviors changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have implications in eye growth and myopia.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.