ArticleeLife2021
Understanding patterns of HIV multi-drug resistance through models of temporal and spatial drug heterogeneity.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patterns of HIV viral suppression in a clinical trial evaluating a contingency management intervention.Journal of applied behavior analysisTrial
- Collateral sensitivity-harnessing microbial vulnerabilities as a solution to antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Context dependency is essential for predicting intrahost evolution.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- SIMPLICITY is an agent-based, multi-scale mathematical model to study SARS-CoV-2 intra- and between-host evolution.Communications biology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and its association with paediatric HIV infections in the Dolutegravir era in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Enhancing antiretroviral delivery to secondary lymph nodes by targeting CD169 + macrophages with HIV-mimicking nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with HIV drug resistance among adult persons living with HIV/AIDS in nine countries of Sub-Saharan Africa using population-based HIV impact assessments: 2015-2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Fitness seascapes are necessary for realistic modeling of the evolutionary response to drug therapy.Science advances · 2025Article
- Emergent resistance-associated mutations at first- or second-line HIV-1 virologic failure with second-generation InSTIs in two- and three-drug regimens: the Virostar-1 study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Dynamic collateral sensitivity profiles highlight opportunities and challenges for optimizing antibiotic treatments.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- HIV multidrug class resistance prediction with a time sliding anchor approach.Bioinformatics advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Distinguishing mutants that resist drugs via different mechanisms by examining fitness tradeoffs.eLife · 2024Article
- Modelling HIV-1 control and remission.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Review
- Distinguishing mutants that resist drugs via different mechanisms by examining fitness tradeoffs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Combating antimicrobial resistance in malaria, HIV and tuberculosis.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Modeling spatial evolution of multi-drug resistance under drug environmental gradients.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Kinetic coevolutionary models predict the temporal emergence of HIV-1 resistance mutations under drug selection pressure.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Building pyramids against the evolutionary emergence of pathogens.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byHIV tricks.2021
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-drug therapies have transformed HIV from a fatal condition to a chronic one. These therapies should prevent HIV drug resistance evolution, because one or more drugs suppress any partially resistant viruses. In practice, such therapies drastically reduced, but did not eliminate, resistance evolution. In this article, we reanalyze published data from an evolutionary perspective and demonstrate several intriguing patterns about HIV resistance evolution - resistance evolves (1) even after years on successful therapy, (2) sequentially, often via one mutation at a time and (3) in a partially predictable order. We describe how these observations might emerge under two models of HIV drugs varying in space or time. Despite decades of work in this area, much opportunity remains to create models with realistic parameters for three drugs, and to match model outcomes to resistance rates and genetic patterns from individuals on triple-drug therapy. Further, lessons from HIV may inform other systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.