SynthesisBrain and behavior2021
Biopsychological correlates of repetitive and restricted behaviors in autism spectrum disorders.
Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Biopsychological correlates of repetitive and restricted behaviors in autism spectrum disorders.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- The Associated Factors of Parenting Stress Among Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Lianyungang, Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Association Between Toe Walking and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Phenotypic Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Bridging autism and eating disorders: a scoping review on repetitive and restrictive behavioral patterns.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Review
- The relationship between cognitive flexibility and restricted, repetitive behaviors in children with autism: parents' reports vs. cognitive task performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Translation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Revised Restrictive Behaviours Scale Among Iraqi Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Suggestion for Model Modification.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Sleep Mediates the Association Between Emotion Dysregulation and Repetitive Behaviors in Autistic Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- The association between infant EEG aperiodic exponent and the trajectory of restricted and repetitive behaviors for toddlers with and without autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- DecodingJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Genetic changes linked to two different syndromic forms of autism enhance reinforcement learning in early adolescent male but not female mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Understanding and targeting repetitive behaviors and restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder via high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation: a study-protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders: a literature review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Iron Deficiency and Sleep/Wake Behaviors: A Scoping Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines-How to Overcome the Current Conundrum?Nutrients · 2024Article
- Changes in Challenging Behaviors Accompanying Transition to a New Facility in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Identifying Autistic-Like Symptoms in Children with ADHD: A Comparative Study Using ADOS-2.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Restricted and repetitive behaviors and association with cognition and adaptive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder in Singapore.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- A Personalized Multidisciplinary Approach to Evaluating and Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Associations of emotional/behavioral problems with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, physical activity and step counts in children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- A machine learning-based diagnostic model for children with autism spectrum disorders complicated with intellectual disability.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by alterations in social interaction and communication, as well as patterns of restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). RRBs are defined as broad behaviors that comprise stereotypies, insistence on sameness, and attachment to objects or routines. RRBs can be divided into lower-level behaviors (motor, sensory, and object-manipulation behaviors) and higher-level behaviors (restrictive interests, insistence on sameness, and repetitive language). According to the DSM-5, the grade of severity in ASD partially depends on the frequency of RRBs and their consequences for disrupting the life of patients, affecting their adaptive skills, and increasing the need for parental support.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review to examine the biopsychological correlates of the symptomatic domains of RRBs according to the type of RRBs (lower- or higher-level). We searched for articles from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) using the terms: autism spectrum disorders, ASD, and autism-related to executive functions, inhibitory control, inflexibility, cognitive flexibility, hyper or hypo connectivity, and behavioral approaches. For describing the pathophysiological mechanism of ASD, we also included animal models and followed PRISMA guidelines.
resultsOne hundred and thirty-one articles were analyzed to explain the etiology, continuance, and clinical evolution of these behaviors observed in ASD patients throughout life.
conclusionsBiopsychological correlates involved in the origin of RRBs include alterations in a) neurotransmission system, b) brain volume, c) inadequate levels of growth factors, d) hypo- or hyper-neural connectivity, e) impairments in behavioral inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and monitoring and f) non-stimulating environments. Understanding these lower- and higher-level of RRBs can help professionals to improve or design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.