Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34472460›Full record

ReviewNeural regeneration research2022

GDNF to the rescue: GDNF delivery effects on motor neurons and nerves, and muscle re-innervation after peripheral nerve injuries.

Alberto F Cintron-Colon, Gabriel Almeida-Alves, Juliana M VanGyseghem, John M Spitsbergen

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neural regeneration research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Regenerative Medicine: Advanced Therapy for Muscle Tissue Restoration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles in spine-specific sarcopenia.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Peripheral nerve repair: innovations and future directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alberto F Cintron-ColonBiological Sciences Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Gabriel Almeida-AlvesBiological Sciences Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Juliana M VanGyseghemBiological Sciences Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
John M SpitsbergenBiological Sciences Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Western Michigan University · US

Funding

Exercise restores skeletal muscle GDNF expression.R15AG022908 · NIA · WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY · PI SPITSBERGEN, JOHN M · 2005 to 2006
$264k
NIA NIH HHS R15 AG022908
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Peripheral nerve injuries commonly occur due to trauma, like a traffic accident. Peripheral nerves get severed, causing motor neuron death and potential muscle atrophy. The current golden standard to treat peripheral nerve lesions, especially lesions with large (≥ 3 cm) nerve gaps, is the use of a nerve autograft or reimplantation in cases where nerve root avulsions occur. If not tended early, degeneration of motor neurons and loss of axon regeneration can occur, leading to loss of function. Although surgical procedures exist, patients often do not fully recover, and quality of life deteriorates. Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration, and it is usually mediated by Schwann cells and neurotrophic factors, like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, as seen in Wallerian degeneration. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a neurotrophic factor known to promote motor neuron survival and neurite outgrowth. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is upregulated in different forms of nerve injuries like axotomy, sciatic nerve crush, and compression, thus creating great interest to explore this protein as a potential treatment for peripheral nerve injuries. Exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has shown positive effects in regeneration and functional recovery when applied in experimental models of peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of repair provided by Schwann cells and upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, the latest findings on the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in different types of peripheral nerve injuries, delivery systems, and complementary treatments (electrical muscle stimulation and exercise). Understanding and overcoming the challenges of proper timing and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery is paramount to creating novel treatments to tend to peripheral nerve injuries to improve patients' quality of life.

Indexed as

electrical muscle stimulationexerciseglial cell line-derived neurotrophic factorglial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor deliverymotor neuronnerve gapneurotrophic factorperipheral nerve injurySchwann cellsskeletal muscle atrophy

Identifiers

PMID34472460
PMCPMC8530131
OpenAlexW3197365809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.