ArticleIndian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India2021
The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Reliability, Validity and Normative Data for the Adult Indian Population.
Article in Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Normative Data of Healthy Adults on the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (ToMaSS) with Domestic Crackers.Dysphagia · 2026Article
- Establishing a preliminary normative database of oral efficiency for children: the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids Application (ToMaSSApp).European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effect of swallowing related fatigue on eating and drinking behaviors across the age spectrum.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Self-Reported Swallowing Difficulties and Swallowing-Related Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India.Dysphagia · 2024Article
- Assessing Swallowing and Mastication Using the Swallowing Proficiency for Eating and Drinking Protocol Among Healthy Adults.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Reliability and Validity of Non-Instrumental Clinical Assessments for Adults with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test: Reliability, associations, age and gender effects, and normative data.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2023Article
- The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Normative data for the adult Indian population.Data in brief · 2021Article
- Normative Data and Reliability of the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) in Healthy Brazilian Adults.International journal of language & communication disordersObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a reliable and well-validated tool to assess the effectiveness of solid bolus ingestion. Previous studies have established normative values for 4 to 80+ years across a range of commercially available crackers and countries. The current study aimed to establish normative data for the TOMASS across age and gender groups for a commercially available biscuit (cracker) for the adult Indian population. A total of 300 typical individuals in the age range of 21 to 80 years grouped by age and sex participated in the study. Participants were instructed to eat a commercially (locally) available biscuit 'as quickly and comfortably as possible,' and the task was video recorded. The recorded video samples were analyzed to obtain measures of the number of bites, number of masticatory cycles, number of swallows, and total time taken to complete the ingestion of biscuit. Cronbach's α values revealed a moderate to good (0.71 to 0.82) test-retest reliability; ICC values were suggestive of a high level (> 0.76) of interrater reliability for all the measures of TOMASS. The results of the one-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of age (
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