ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2021
Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure-response relationship between transportation noise and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Asia-Pacific States.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Mortality: An Update of the WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone and Mortality: Update of the WHO Air Quality Guidelines Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Ambient Air Pollution and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in an Analysis of Asian Cohorts.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2023Pooled it
- Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PMResearch report (Health Effects Institute) · 2021Pooled it
- Breathing in harm: current insights into the effects of air pollution on cardiorespiratory health.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- Neighborhood-scale disparities in air exchange rates and inhaled pollution dose among school-aged children.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Association between long-term PMBMC public health · 2026Article
- Impact of PMJournal of environmental health science & engineering · 2026Article
- Impact of Prescribed Fire Emissions on Ambient PMACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- Children's respiratory hospitalizations linked to short-term air pollution exposure in Peninsular Malaysia's urban areas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- GlycA as an Effect Modifier of Protein-Mortality Associations: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of premature rupture of membranes: a cohort analysis of the Korean CHildren's ENvironmental health Study (Ko-CHENS).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Mortality impacts of long-term PMAtmospheric pollution research · 2026Article
- Modifying Role of Sustainable Diets on the Association Between Particulate Matter and Biological Aging: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Resilience and trajectories of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the context of exposure to acne: Findings from the Lifelines Cohort Study.Journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Risks in Testicular Cancer Survivors: An Exploratory Case-Crossover Study.Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring the nexus between environmental taxation, air pollution, and health outcomes in emerging and non-emerging EU countries: a space-time perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Expert perspectives on exposure-response functions for urban health policy: Lessons from a UBDPolicy workshop.Environmental research · 2026Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
52 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines.
designPooled analysis of eight cohorts.
settingMulticentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries.
participants325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM
main outcome measuresDeaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality.
resultsOf 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM
conclusionsOur study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.