Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34470611›Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2021

Prediction of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.

Yun Shi, Jing Zhang, Yingshuo Huang

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. The Disproportionate Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Mild-to-Moderate COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yun ShiDepartment of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
Jing ZhangDepartment of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
Yingshuo HuangResearch Ward, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China. yshuang2021@outlook.com.
Capital Medical University · CNBeijing Friendship Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but few studies have been conducted to identify CVD risk in COPD patients. This study was to develop a predictive model of CVD in COPD patients based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

methodsA total of 3,226 COPD patients were retrieved from NHANES 2007-2012, dividing into the training (n = 2351) and testing (n = 895) sets. The prediction models were conducted using the multivariable logistic regression and random forest analyses, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curves (AUC) and internal validation were used to assess the predictive performance of models.

resultsThe logistic regression model for predicting the risk of CVD was developed regarding age, gender, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), family history of heart disease, and stayed overnight in the hospital due to illness last year, which the AUC of the internal validation was 0.741. According to the random forest analysis, the important variables-associated with CVD risk were screened including smoking (NNAL and cotinine), HbA1c, HDL, age, gender, diastolic blood pressure, poverty income ratio, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and sedentary activity per day. The AUC of the internal validation was 0.984, indicating the random forest model for predicting the CVD risk in COPD cases was superior to the logistic regression model.

conclusionThe random forest model performed better predictive effectiveness for the cardiovascular risk among COPD patients, which may be useful for clinicians to guide the clinical practice.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansLife StyleMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPovertyPrognosisPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveRisk AssessmentCardiovascular diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseNHANES databasePredictive model

Identifiers

PMID34470611
PMCPMC8408968
OpenAlexW3196839377

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.