ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021
Impact of dorzolamide, benzalkonium-preserved dorzolamide and benzalkonium-preserved brinzolamide on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the tear film.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of hyaluronic acid-based nanocomposite eye drops: A synergistic platform for enhanced ocular delivery of acetazolamide.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Efficacy of hyaluronic acid and butyroyl glutathione in the management of glaucoma-related ocular surface disease: a prospective, interventional, double-blind, cross-over post market study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Fifteen-day topical ketorolac tromethamine, with and without benzalkonium chloride, alters tear function, goblet cell density, and meibomian gland integrity in healthy cats.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease-Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics-A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of Caspase-1 as a Biomarker of Ocular Surface Damage.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Sleep deprivation induces corneal epithelial progenitor cell over-expansion through disruption of redox homeostasis in the tear film.Stem cell reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong-term use of topical, especially benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved, antiglaucoma medications can cause a negative impact on the ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) on selected oxidative stress biomarkers in the tear film.
methodsThe patients were divided into four sex-matched groups: group C (n = 25) - control group - subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group DL (n = 14) - patients using preservative-free dorzolamide, group DL + BAC (n = 16) - patients using topical BAC-preserved dorzolamide, group BL + BAC (n = 17) - patients using BAC-preserved brinzolamide. Subjects in all the study groups have been using the eye drops two times daily for 6-12 months. The oxidative stress biomarkers in the tear film samples were measured: total protein (TP) concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI).
resultsThe advanced oxidation protein products content, Total Oxidant Status as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the group DL + BAC and BL + BAC were higher in comparison with the group C. The total sulfhydryl groups content was lower in the group DL + BAC and BL + BAC when compared to group C. Oxidative Stress Index was higher in the groups DL + BAC and BL + BAC in comparison with the groups DL and C.
conclusionsUse of topical benzalkonium chloride-preserved carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increases oxidative stress in the tear film.
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Registered trials
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