Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34469743›Full record

ArticleCell systems2021

Systematic measurement of combination-drug landscapes to predict in vivo treatment outcomes for tuberculosis.

Jonah Larkins-Ford, Talia Greenstein, Nhi Van, Yonatan N Degefu, Michaela C Olson, Artem Sokolov, Bree B Aldridge

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell systems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  13. Antibiotic dose-response curves can measure antibiotic activity againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. RNA vaccines: The dawn of a new age for tuberculosis?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jonah Larkins-FordDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Talia GreensteinDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nhi VanDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Yonatan N DegefuDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Michaela C OlsonDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Artem SokolovLaboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Bree B AldridgeDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA. Electronic address: bree.aldridge@tufts.edu.

Funding

Systems Pharmacology of Therapeutic and Adverse Responses to ImmuneCheckpoint and Small Molecule DrugsU54CA225088 · NCI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI SHARPE, ARLENE H. · 2018 to 2022
$10.8M
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENST32AI007422 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI Ralph R. Isberg · 1992 to 2026
$5.7M
NCI NIH HHS U54 CA225088NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007422
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lengthy multidrug chemotherapy is required to achieve a durable cure in tuberculosis. However, we lack well-validated, high-throughput in vitro models that predict animal outcomes. Here, we provide an extensible approach to rationally prioritize combination therapies for testing in in vivo mouse models of tuberculosis. We systematically measured Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to all two- and three-drug combinations among ten antibiotics in eight conditions that reproduce lesion microenvironments, resulting in >500,000 measurements. Using these in vitro data, we developed classifiers predictive of multidrug treatment outcome in a mouse model of disease relapse and identified ensembles of in vitro models that best describe in vivo treatment outcomes. We identified signatures of potencies and drug interactions in specific in vitro models that distinguish whether drug combinations are better than the standard of care in two important preclinical mouse models. Our framework is generalizable to other difficult-to-treat diseases requiring combination therapies. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.

Indexed as

Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisAnimalsAntitubercular AgentsDrug CombinationsMiceTreatment OutcomeAntitubercular AgentsDrug Combinationsantibioticscombination therapydrug combinationsdrug interactionsinfectious diseasesmycobacteriatuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID34469743
PMCPMC8617591

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.