Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34469736›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

Discovery of synthetic lethal and tumor suppressor paralog pairs in the human genome.

Phoebe C R Parrish, James D Thomas, Austin M Gabel, Shriya Kamlapurkar, Robert K Bradley, Alice H Berger

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Evolutionary study of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in breast carcinoma.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026
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  9. Uncovering cancer dependencies in peptide-interacting protein pockets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Phoebe C R ParrishHuman Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
James D ThomasComputational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Austin M GabelComputational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Shriya KamlapurkarHuman Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Robert K BradleyComputational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Alice H BergerHuman Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: ahberger@fredhutch.org.
Fred Hutch Cancer Center · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Translational Bioimaging Core Shared ResourceP30CA015704 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Marian Esvelt · 1985 to 2026
$296.4M
University of Washington Medical Scientist Training Program: MD/PhDT32GM007266 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HORWITZ, MARSHALL S. · 1985 to 2023
$30.4M
INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN GENOMIC SCIENCEST32HG000035 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Bruce Colston Trapnell · 1995 to 2026
$24.2M
Genetic and molecular basis for SRSF2 mutations in myelodysplasiaR01HL128239 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Omar Abdel-Wahab, Robert K Bradley · 2015 to 2026
$8.0M
Functional and molecular consequences of SF3B1 mutations in human hematopoietic stem cellsR01HL151651 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Robert K Bradley, Sergei Doulatov · 2020 to 2026
$4.0M
Interrogating the minor spliceosome to understand and treat leukemiaR01CA251138 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI ABDEL-WAHAB, OMAR, BRADLEY, ROBERT K · 2020 to 2024
$3.3M
Understanding and exploiting novel therapeutic vulnerabilities of RIT1-driven lung cancerR37CA252050 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Alice Berger · 2021 to 2026
$3.1M
High-Performance Compute Cluster for Comprehensive Cancer and Infectious Diseases ResearchS10OD028685 · OD · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI BRADLEY, PHILIP · 2020 to 2020
$2.0M
U2AF1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes: from mechanism to therapyR01DK103854 · NIDDK · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI BRADLEY, ROBERT K · 2016 to 2019
$1.5M
Investigating the role of the small GTPase RIT1 in lung adenocarcinomaR00CA197762 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI BERGER, ALICE · 2017 to 2019
$747k
Investigating the role of the small GTPase RIT1 in lung adenocarcinomaK99CA197762 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI BERGER, ALICE · 2015 to 2016
$156k
Biological and Therapeutic Consequences of RNA Dysregulation in Cancer Immune EvasionK99CA263168 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI THOMAS, JAMES DOUGLAS · 2022 to 2022
$130k
NCI NIH HHS K99 CA197762NCI NIH HHS K99 CA263168NCI NIH HHS P30 CA015704NCI NIH HHS R00 CA197762NCI NIH HHS R01 CA251138NCI NIH HHS R37 CA252050NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000035NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL128239NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL151651NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK103854NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK103854NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007266NIH HHS S10 OD028685
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR screens have accelerated the discovery of important cancer vulnerabilities. However, single-gene knockout phenotypes can be masked by redundancy among related genes. Paralogs constitute two-thirds of the human protein-coding genome, so existing methods are likely inadequate for assaying a large portion of gene function. Here, we develop paired guide RNAs for paralog genetic interaction mapping (pgPEN), a pooled CRISPR-Cas9 single- and double-knockout approach targeting more than 2,000 human paralogs. We apply pgPEN to two cell types and discover that 12% of human paralogs exhibit synthetic lethality in at least one context. We recover known synthetic lethal paralogs MEK1/MEK2, important drug targets CDK4/CDK6, and other synthetic lethal pairs including CCNL1/CCNL2. Additionally, we identify ten tumor suppressor paralog pairs whose compound loss promotes cell proliferation. These findings nominate drug targets and suggest that paralog genetic interactions could shape the landscape of positive and negative selection in cancer.

Indexed as

Gene DuplicationGenes, LethalGenes, SyntheticGenes, Tumor SuppressorGenome, HumanAdultAntineoplastic AgentsCell ProliferationCRISPR-Associated Protein 9CRISPR-Cas SystemsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHEK293 CellsHeLa CellsHumansMaleAntineoplastic AgentsCRISPR-Associated Protein 9RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systemscancer biologycancer evolutionCRISPRfunctional genomicsparalogssynthetic lethalitytumor suppressor genes

Identifiers

PMID34469736
PMCPMC8534300
OpenAlexW3197950762

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.