Observational studyPloS one2021
Cooling e-cigarette flavors and the association with e-cigarette use among a sample of high school students.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Findings on e-cigarette flavors and their implications for human health: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of "ice" components in sweet-flavored nicotine-containing e-liquids among young adult e-cigarette users.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Preflavour and postflavour ban oral nicotine pouches: a chemical, sensory and young adult appeal analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Marketing strategies in business-to-business advertisements for oral nicotine products.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Race and ethnicity differences in the association between the sensory experience and appeal of e-cigarette products: A pooled analysis of four within-subject experiments.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Trends in e-cigarette flavour use and demographic correlates among US youth from 2020 to 2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- "Ice" flavor elements in E-cigarette images: Influence on liking and intention to use among youth who are at risk of E-cigarette use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- A systematic review on risk factors and reasons for e-cigarette use in adolescents.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Review
- A multi-year characterization of confiscated vaping products from Virginia school youth.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2024Article
- E-cigarette dependence and cooling flavor use are linked among youth.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- The Scientific Basis for the Regulation of Flavors in Tobacco Products.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2024Review
- Article
- Emerging ENDS products and challenges in tobacco control toxicity research.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Flavored Tobacco and Nicotine Use Among California Adolescents: Preferences by Use Experience and Survey Format Effects.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- "I Get the Flavors and It Makes Me Love Vaping More": How and Why Youth Users Modify Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Quantifying PG : VG ratio and nicotine content in commercially available e-liquids using handheld Raman spectroscopy.The Analyst · 2023Article
- Flavors increase adolescents' willingness to try nicotine and cannabis vape products.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Use and Product Characteristics of "Tobacco Free Nicotine" E-Cigarettes Among Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Characterizing different-flavored e-cigarette solutions from user-reported sensory attributes and appeal.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- The associations between e-liquid characteristics and its pricing: Evidence from online vape shops.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionE-liquid flavor is typically presented by flavor category (e.g. menthol, mint, fruit, dessert). Cooling sensations produced by flavor additives such as menthol enhance appeal of e-cigarettes among youth, but not all e-liquids that produce cooling sensations are labeled as menthol. Sensory experiences produced by flavors may allow for a new way to capture e-cigarette flavor use. This study aims to examine use of flavors that produce cooling sensations among youth and its association with e-cigarette use behaviors.
methodsA 2019 survey of high school students (n = 4875) examined use of e-cigarette flavors that produced cooling sensations (cooling flavors) among past 30-day e-cigarette users. E-cigarette use behaviors (flavor use, nicotine use, frequency of use) were examined between those who did and did not use cooling flavors. A binary logistic regression was used to examine associations between vaping frequency, nicotine (vs. non-nicotine) use, and vaping cooling flavors while controlling for demographics, number of flavors vaped in the past month, and vaping age of onset.
results51.6% (n = 473/916) of the analytic sample endorsed vaping cooling flavors. There were no demographic differences by vaping cooling flavors. Vaping cooling flavors was associated with vaping more frequently (AOR:1.04,95% CI:1.03,1.05) and vaping nicotine (AOR:2.37,95% CI:1.53,3.67).
conclusionVaping cooling flavors was associated with greater nicotine vaping and frequency of e-cigarette use. Assessing sensory experience, such as cooling, in addition to flavor category may more fully capture e-cigarette flavor use and its impacts on youth e-cigarette use behaviors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.