ArticleEndocrine connections2021
Thyroid function in COVID-19 and the association with cytokine levels and mortality.
Article in Endocrine connections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors during acute illness: a systematic review based on COVID-19.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Thyroxine changes in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining neutrophil elastase (NE) - a potential useful marker of multi-organ damage observed in COVID-19 and post-Covid-19 (PCS).Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- State of Knowledge About Thyroid Cancers in the Era of COVID-19-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Endogenous serum glucocorticoid concentrations, steroidogenic enzyme activity, and 90-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: an observational cohort study.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Cytokine Storm-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Relationship of thyroid parameters with chronic inflammation in patients with euthyroid type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Literature-Based Discovery to Elucidate the Biological Links between Resistant Hypertension and COVID-19.Biology · 2023Article
- The prognostic utility of serum thyrotropin in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: statistical and machine learning approaches.Endocrine · 2023Article
- The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- A Literature Review on SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses in Thyroid Disorders: Environmental Triggers or No-Guilty Bystanders?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Pituitary-gonadal hormones associated with respiratory failure in men and women hospitalized with COVID-19: an observational cohort study.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Subacute Thyroiditis Complicating COVID-19 Infection.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2023Article
- Correlation between Thyroid Responses and Inflammatory Cytokines in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Notes for the general paediatrician: managing thyrotoxicosis in children and young people.BMJ paediatrics open · 2022Review
- Thyroid Dysfunction and COVID-19: The Emerging Role of Selenium in This Intermingled Relationship.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Thyroid Function, Inflammatory Response, and Glucocorticoids in COVID-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid hormone axis might be affected in COVID-19, but existing studies have shown varying results. It has been hypothesized that hyperinflammation, as reflected by the secretion of cytokines, might induce thyroid dysfunction among patients with COVID-19. We explored thyroid hormone involvement in the acute phase of symptomatic COVID-19 and its possible associations with cytokine levels and mortality risk. This was a single-center study of 116 consecutive patients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and 45 cytokines/chemokines were measured in all patients within 3 days of admission. Data were extracted retrospectively through a manual review of health records. At admission, 95 (81.9%) were euthyroid; while 21 (18.1%) had biochemically thyroid dysfunction including subclinical thyrotoxicosis (n = 11), overt thyrotoxicosis (n = 2), hypothyroidism (n = 1), non-thyroidal illness (n = 2), and normal TSH but high free T4 (n = 5). TSH levels were inversely correlated with IL-8 (rs = -0.248), IL-10 (rs = -0.253), IL-15 (rs = -0.213), IP-10 (rs = -0.334), and GM-CSF (rs = -0.254). Moreover, IL-8 levels, IP-10, and GM-CSF were significantly higher in patients with serum TSH < 0.4 mIU/L. Lastly, a two-fold increment of IL-8 and IL-10 was associated with significantly higher odds of having TSH < 0.4 mIU/L (odds ratio 1.86 (1.11-3.10) and 1.78 (1.03-3.06)). Serum TSH was not associated with 30- or 90-day mortality. In conclusion, this study suggests that fluctuations of TSH levels in patients with COVID-19 may be influenced by circulating IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IP-10, and GM-CSF as previously described in autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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