Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34468331›Full record

ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2021

US Physicians' and Nurses' Motivations, Barriers, and Recommendations for Correcting Health Misinformation on Social Media: Qualitative Interview Study.

John Robert Bautista, Yan Zhang, Jacek Gwizdka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Social Media Misinformation about Pregnancy and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  6. Understanding the strengths and limitations of community-based responses to misinformation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  10. "We are a club none of us wanted to join": exploring brain tumor online discussion forum content.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
  11. #Acne: A Thematic Qualitative Analysis of Acne Content on TikTok.The Australasian journal of dermatology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

John Robert BautistaSchool of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4892-9543
Yan ZhangSchool of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1130-0012
Jacek GwizdkaSchool of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2273-3996

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth misinformation is a public health concern. Various stakeholders have called on health care professionals, such as nurses and physicians, to be more proactive in correcting health misinformation on social media.

objectiveThis study aims to identify US physicians' and nurses' motivations for correcting health misinformation on social media, the barriers they face in doing so, and their recommendations for overcoming such barriers.

methodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 30 participants, which comprised 15 (50%) registered nurses and 15 (50%) physicians. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis.

resultsParticipants were personally (eg, personal choice) and professionally (eg, to fulfill the responsibility of a health care professional) motivated to correct health misinformation on social media. However, they also faced intrapersonal (eg, a lack of positive outcomes and time), interpersonal (eg, harassment and bullying), and institutional (eg, a lack of institutional support and social media training) barriers to correcting health misinformation on social media. To overcome these barriers, participants recommended that health care professionals should receive misinformation and social media training, including building their social media presence.

conclusionsUS physicians and nurses are willing to correct health misinformation on social media despite several barriers. Nonetheless, this study provides recommendations that can be used to overcome such barriers. Overall, the findings can be used by health authorities and organizations to guide policies and activities aimed at encouraging more health care professionals to be present on social media to counteract health misinformation.

Indexed as

CommunicationMotivationAdultAgedConsumer Health InformationCOVID-19FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNursesPhysiciansQualitative ResearchSocial MediaUnited StatescorrectionCOVID-19infodemicinfodemiologymisinformationnursesphysicianssocial media

Identifiers

PMID34468331
PMCPMC8444034

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.