ReviewEndocrinology2021
Neurodegenerative Disease: Roles for Sex, Hormones, and Oxidative Stress.
Review in Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between cognitive function and endogenous levels of estradiol and testosterone in adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Trial
- Sex hormones, the gut microbiome, and neurodegenerative diseases: Lifespan perspective.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Protective effects ofBiomedical reports · 2026Article
- Sleep disorders and sleep behaviors as predictors of neurodegenerative diseases.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Human Enteric Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Impact of Oxidative Stress Imbalance on Ovarian Function and Its Mechanisms.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Ultra-weak photon emission: from oxidative metabolism to DNA-based communication: a review of biochemical, biophysical and quantum biological perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- "The impact of aging on cognitive and motor functions: a molecular and behavioral study in female C57BL/6 mice".Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Understanding Theory of Mind-pragmatics relationship through the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Differential Roles of Angiotensin A and Alamandine in Parkinson's Disease: A Therapeutic Perspective on Nonclassical RAS Pathways.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Phytochemicals Modulate Biosynthesis and Function of Serotonin, Dopamine, and Norepinephrine for Treatment of Monoamine Neurotransmission-Related Psychiatric Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ovarian Aging: The Silent Catalyst of Age-Related Disorders in Female Body.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Role of Gonadal Steroid Hormones in the Eye: Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The Possible Associations between Tauopathies and Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias, Metabolic Syndrome and Niemann-Pick Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Understanding the Role of Sex Hormones in Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome: Toward Personalized Therapeutic Approaches.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Brain extended and closed forms glutathione levels decrease with age and extended glutathione is associated with visuospatial memory.NeuroImage · 2024Article
- The potential role of brain renin-angiotensin system in the neuropathology of Parkinson disease: Friend, foe or turncoat?Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced hypertension: the impact of sex hormones.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Review
- Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: implication for obstructive sleep apnea.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases cause severe impairments in cognitive and motor function. With an increasing aging population and the onset of these diseases between 50 and 70 years, the consequences are bound to be devastating. While age and longevity are the main risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, sex is also an important risk factor. The characteristic of sex is multifaceted, encompassing sex chromosome complement, sex hormones (estrogens and androgens), and sex hormone receptors. Sex hormone receptors can induce various signaling cascades, ranging from genomic transcription to intracellular signaling pathways that are dependent on the health of the cell. Oxidative stress, associated with aging, can impact the health of the cell. Sex hormones can be neuroprotective under low oxidative stress conditions but not in high oxidative stress conditions. An understudied sex hormone receptor that can induce activation of oxidative stress signaling is the membrane androgen receptor (mAR). mAR can mediate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)-generated oxidative stress that is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease. Further complicating this is that aging can alter sex hormone signaling. Prior to menopause, women experience more estrogens than androgens. During menopause, this sex hormone profile switches in women due to the dramatic ovarian loss of 17β-estradiol with maintained ovarian androgen (testosterone, androstenedione) production. Indeed, aging men have higher estrogens than aging women due to aromatization of androgens to estrogens. Therefore, higher activation of mAR-NOX signaling could occur in menopausal women compared with aged men, mediating the observed sex differences. Understanding of these signaling cascades could provide therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.