ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2022
Serum heavy metals of passive smoker females and its correlation to bone biomarkers and risk of osteoporosis.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's bone health trajectories from pregnancy to postpartum: Associations with bone-seeking metal exposure mixtures during pregnancy.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2025Article
- Metallosis after Hip Arthroplasty Damages Skeletal Muscle: A Case Report.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Associations between smoke exposure and osteoporosis or osteopenia in a US NHANES population of elderly individuals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (trace elements) in coastal soils of southwest Iran.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Serum total and free calcium reflect the status of the body health and disease. Smoking is risk factor for many diseases as cardiovascular, lung, and cancers. The goal of this work is to evaluate the correlation between serum lead, cadmium arsenate resulting from passive smoking, and bone status in females. This study was conducted on two hundred women (age 30-50 years) divided into four groups (each 50). Group I, control, included non-smoking healthy women. Group II included heavy smoker (>20 cigarettes/day). Group III, nonsmoker women with osteoporosis, have many fractures. Group IV, smoking women with osteoporosis, included heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day) with osteoporotic women and have many fractures. Data obtained showed that T-score of osteoporotic smokers was -3.5 that indicated reduced bone mineral density (BMD) while serum total and ionized calcium were statistically significant decreased in smokers with or without osteoporosis compared with nonsmokers (p < 0.001). A negative correlation between total and free calcium and cadmium levels in smokers was compared with nonsmokers (r =-0.65). The levels of C-terminal pro-peptide of pro-collagen type I (PICP) and N-terminal pro-peptide of procollagen type I (PINP) were higher in smoker osteoporotic women than nonsmokers. It was concluded that cadmium resulting from smoking may compete with absorption of calcium and reduced its level and BMD and increased incidence of osteoporosis. The elevated PICP and PINP indicated decreased rate of proto collagen I turnover in bone tissue and increased incidence of osteoporosis.
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