ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2022
Antibiotics Use and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Swedish Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of antibiotic exposure on risks of colorectal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Squalene Epoxidase: Its Regulations and Links with Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Antibiotics use and risk of colorectal neoplasia: An updated meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2022Pooled it
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Targeting tumor-associated bacteria in digestive system cancers: carcinogenic mechanisms and nano-regulate platform design.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Harnessing the microbiome for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Probiotics Exert Colonization Resistance AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Association between Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Association between Clostridioides difficile Test Positivity and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in a Multisite Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Cancer research communications · 2026Observational
- Gut microbiome in colorectal cancer: recent advances and clinical implications.Annals of coloproctology · 2026Review
- Microbiome-derived cancer: the catabolism of bilirubin to urobilin in the liver-gut axis and its consequences.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
- Anticancer Effect of the Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Quinolone Antibiotics Targeting Mitochondrial DNA Replication.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Bacteriophages, Antibiotics and Probiotics: Exploring the Microbial Battlefield of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates in Early-Onset and Older-Onset Age Groups in the United States, 2010-2019.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
- Prior antibiotics exposure is associated with an elevated risk of surgical site infections, including anastomotic leakage, after colon cancer but not rectal cancer surgery: A register-based study of 38,839 patients.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in the Gut Microbiota of Colorectal Cancer Patients.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in drug resistance and resistance mechanisms of four colorectal cancer-associated gut microbiota.PeerJ · 2025Review
- A GWAS Suggesting Genetic Modifiers to Increase the Risk of Colorectal Cancer from Antibiotic Use.Cancers · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntibiotics use may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by altering the gut microbiota, with suggestive evidence reported. Our study aims to investigate antibiotics use in relation to subsequent CRC risk.
methodsThis is a nationwide, population-based study with a matched case-control design (first primary CRC cases and 5 matched, cancer-free controls). Complete-population data, extracted from Swedish national registers for the period 2005-2016, were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
resultsWe included 40 545 CRC cases and 202 720 controls. Using the full dataset, we found a positive association between more frequent antibiotics use and CRC, excluding antibiotics prescribed within 2 years of diagnosis attenuated results toward the null. In site-specific analyses, excluding the 2-year washout, the positive association was confined to the proximal colon (adjusted odds ratio for very high use vs no use = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.31). For rectal cancer, an inverse association, which appears to be driven by women, was observed. Quinolones and sulfonamides and/or trimethoprims were positively associated with proximal colon cancer, whereas a more general inverse association, across antibiotics classes, was observed for rectal cancer. We found no association between methenamine hippurate, a urinary tract antiseptic not affecting the gut microbiota, and CRC risk.
conclusionsThis register-based study covering the entire population of Sweden found a robust association between antibiotics use and higher risk of proximal colon cancer and an inverse association with rectal cancer in women. This study strengthens the evidence from previous investigations and adds important insight into site-specific colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.