ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2022
Education and Income Show Heterogeneous Relationships to Lifespan Brain and Cognitive Differences Across European and US Cohorts.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Selected social and lifestyle correlates of brain health markers: the Cross-Cohort Collaboration Consortium.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- A research agenda for understanding how social inequality is linked to brain structure and function.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Fifteen years on: a review of the Cam-CAN study of the cognitive neuroscience of ageing.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Article
- Diversity-sensitive brain clocks linked to biophysical mechanisms in aging and dementia.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Reevaluating the role of education on cognitive decline and brain aging in longitudinal cohorts across 33 Western countries.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Educational attainment, electroencephalographic rhythms, cortical structure, and cognitive performance over 2 years in older adults with subjective memory complaints and brain amyloidosis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Relationships between wellbeing polygenic scores, brain structure, and psychopathology in children.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Association Between Lifestyle at Different Life Periods and Brain Integrity in Older Adults.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Reevaluating the Role of Education in Cognitive Decline and Brain Aging: Insights from Large-Scale Longitudinal Cohorts across 33 Countries.Research square · 2025Article
- Lifetime Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Decline, and Brain Characteristics.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Reevaluating the Role of Education in Cognitive Decline and Brain Aging: Insights from Large-Scale Longitudinal Cohorts across 33 Countries.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Association between nutrition literacy and cognitive impairment among older adults in Bengbu, China.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Frontotemporal structure preservation underlies the protective effect of lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve on cognition in the elderly.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- The Impact of Aging on Neurological Diseases in the Elderly: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Differences in cognitive function at 18 y of age explain the association between low education and early dementia risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The importance of timing of socioeconomic disadvantage throughout development for depressive symptoms and brain structure.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
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29 authors.
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Abstract
Higher socio-economic status (SES) has been proposed to have facilitating and protective effects on brain and cognition. We ask whether relationships between SES, brain volumes and cognitive ability differ across cohorts, by age and national origin. European and US cohorts covering the lifespan were studied (4-97 years, N = 500 000; 54 000 w/brain imaging). There was substantial heterogeneity across cohorts for all associations. Education was positively related to intracranial (ICV) and total gray matter (GM) volume. Income was related to ICV, but not GM. We did not observe reliable differences in associations as a function of age. SES was more strongly related to brain and cognition in US than European cohorts. Sample representativity varies, and this study cannot identify mechanisms underlying differences in associations across cohorts. Differences in neuroanatomical volumes partially explained SES-cognition relationships. SES was more strongly related to ICV than to GM, implying that SES-cognition relations in adulthood are less likely grounded in neuroprotective effects on GM volume in aging. The relatively stronger SES-ICV associations rather are compatible with SES-brain volume relationships being established early in life, as ICV stabilizes in childhood. The findings underscore that SES has no uniform association with, or impact on, brain and cognition.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.