ArticleBioactive materials2022
4D biofabrication via instantly generated graded hydrogel scaffolds.
Article in Bioactive materials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Reprogrammable 4D tissue engineering hydrogel scaffold via reversible ion printing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of 4D printing materials, techniques, and characteristics for personalized oncology.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal immunomodulation with programmable biomaterials to promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- In Situ Programming of Shape-Morphing Hydrogels via Vat Photopolymerization for 4D Bioprinting.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 4D morphogenetic tissue engineering via gradient-crosslinked microporous hydrogel scaffolds.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Gradient Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Evolution from Single-Gradient to Multi-Gradient.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cell Contractile Force-Mediated Morphogenetic Tissue Engineering via 4D Printed Degradable Hydrogel Scaffolds.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Self-Healing Polymer-Based Coatings: Mechanisms and Applications Across Protective and Biofunctional Interfaces.Polymers · 2025Review
- Facile Single-Nanocomposite 4D Bioprinting of Dynamic Hydrogel Constructs with Thickness-Controlled Gradient.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Cell Contractile Forces Drive Spatiotemporal Morphogenesis in 4D Bioprinted Living Constructs.Matter · 2025Article
- Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-Responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)Printing Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Transformative bioprinting: 4D printing and its role in the evolution of engineering and personalized medicine.Discover nano · 2025Review
- 4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation Induced by Continuous Stiffness Gradient in Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025Article
- 4D bioprinted self-folding scaffolds enhance cartilage formation in the engineering of trachea.Advanced materials technologies · 2025Article
- Epoxy-Based Vitrimers for Sustainable Infrastructure: Emphasizing Recycling and Self-Healing Properties.Polymers · 2025Review
- Programmed shape transformations in cell-laden granular composites.Science advances · 2025Article
- Narrative Review and Guide: State of the Art and Emerging Opportunities of Bioprinting in Tissue Regeneration and Medical Instrumentation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gradient scaffolds in bone-soft tissue interface engineering: Structural characteristics, fabrication techniques, and emerging trends.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Formation of graded biomaterials to render shape-morphing scaffolds for 4D biofabrication holds great promise in fabrication of complex structures and the recapitulation of critical dynamics for tissue/organ regeneration. Here we describe a facile generation of an adjustable and robust gradient using a single- or multi-material one-step fabrication strategy for 4D biofabrication. By simply photocrosslinking a mixed solution of a photocrosslinkable polymer macromer, photoinitiator (PI), UV absorber and live cells, a cell-laden gradient hydrogel with pre-programmable deformation can be generated. Gradient formation was demonstrated in various polymers including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), alginate, and gelatin derivatives using various UV absorbers that present overlap in UV spectrum with that of the PI UV absorbance spectrum. Moreover, this simple and effective method was used as a universal platform to integrate with other hydrogel-engineering techniques such as photomask-aided microfabrication, photo-patterning, ion-transfer printing, and 3D bioprinting to fabricate more advanced cell-laden scaffold structures. Lastly, proof-of-concept 4D tissue engineering was demonstrated in a study of 4D bone-like tissue formation. The strategy's simplicity along with its versatility paves a new way in solving the hurdle of achieving temporal shape changes in cell-laden single-component hydrogel scaffolds and may expedite the development of 4D biofabricated constructs for biological applications.
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Registered trials
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