ArticleJournal of economic inequality2021
The Income Gradient in Mortality during the Covid-19 Crisis: Evidence from Belgium.
Article in Journal of economic inequality, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incorporating Social Determinants of Health in Infectious Disease Models: A Systematic Review of Guidelines.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024Pooled it
- The role of vaccination, underlying health conditions, and working in healthcare in the socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 hospitalization: a mediation analysis using interventional effect models.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Associated With Mortality Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of 28 European Countries.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Thinking politically about intersectoral action: Ideas, Interests and Institutions shaping political dimensions of governing during COVID-19.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Unravelling demographic and socioeconomic patterns of COVID-19 death and other causes of death: results of an individual-level analysis of exhaustive cause of death data in Belgium, 2020.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Area and individual level analyses of demographic and socio-economic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Belgium.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Social health gradient and risk factors among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and pre-pandemic respiratory infections. A linked national individual case-control study in Belgium.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belgium: a nationwide record linkage study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Variation in mortality burden of the COVID-19 pandemic across federal states in Germany.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Quantifying the heterogeneous impact of lockdown policies on different socioeconomic classes during the first COVID-19 wave in Colombia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Using Relative and Absolute Measures for Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: Experiences from a Retrospective Cohort Study on COVID-19.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Social inequalities and long-term health impact of COVID-19 in Belgium: protocol of the HELICON population data linkage.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Has COVID-19 increased inequality in mortality by income in the Netherlands?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- A global analysis of COVID-19 infection fatality rate and its associated factors during the Delta and Omicron variant periods: an ecological study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Social and clinical risk factors associated with hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Brussels's deprived and multiethnic areas.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Explaining the deprivation gap in COVID-19 mortality rates: A decomposition analysis of geographical inequalities in England.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- European Governments' Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic during the First Wave: Resetting Governance Systems to Cope More Effectively with Future Shocks.Applied spatial analysis and policy · 2022Article
- Heterogeneity in subnational mortality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Belgian districts in 2020.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
We use population-wide data from linked administrative registers to study the distributional pattern of mortality before and during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Belgium. Over the March-May 2020 study period, excess mortality is only found among those aged 65 and over. For this group, we find a significant negative income gradient in excess mortality, with excess deaths in the bottom income decile more than twice as high as in the top income decile for both men and women. However, given the high inequality in mortality in normal times, the income gradient in all-cause mortality is only marginally steeper during the peak of the health crisis when expressed in relative terms. Leveraging our individual-level data, we gauge the robustness of our results for other socioeconomic factors and decompose the role of individual vs. local effects. We provide direct evidence that geographic location effects on individual mortality are particularly strong during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, channeling through the local number of Covid infections. This makes inference about the income gradient in excess mortality based on geographic variation misguided. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10888-021-09505-7.
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