Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34466126›Full record

ReviewCurrent infectious disease reports2021

Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Healthcare-associated Infections Under the Shadow of Structural Racism: Narrative Review and Call to Action.

Jiabi Chen, Rohan Khazanchi, Gonzalo Bearman, Jasmine R Marcelin

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current infectious disease reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Trends and Disparities inGastroenterology research and practice · 2026
    Article
  5. CAUTIon - not all UTIs are the same.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Systematic screening of infection prevention policies for equity impacts.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Racism against healthcare users in inpatient care: a scoping review.International journal for equity in health · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Quantifying racial disparities in risk of invasiveInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Beyond the surface: a color-inclusive guide to central line site assessment.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Vaccination intention and uptake within the Black community in Appalachia.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jiabi ChenSchool of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6722-7013
Rohan KhazanchiCollege of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA.
Gonzalo BearmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
Jasmine R MarcelinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThe purpose of this study is to review racial and ethnic inequities in the incidence and prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the USA, identify gaps in the literature, and recommend future directions to mitigate these inequities. RECENT

findingsWhile some existing literature has identified the presence of racial/ethnic inequities in HAI incidence and outcomes, few studies to date have evaluated whether HAI prevention efforts have mitigated these inequities. Factors contributing to inequities in HAI prevention may include unconscious bias of healthcare professionals towards minoritized patients; socioeconomic and structural inequities disparately affecting minoritized communities; the racial segregation of quality healthcare through hospital price discrimination; divergent reimbursement rates between public and private insurers; policies or performance metrics which underfund and financially penalize safety-net hospitals; and insufficient research evaluating and addressing HAI inequities. SUMMARY: Expansion of the literature is needed to further interrogate root causes and evaluate the impact of interventions on racial/ethnic inequities in HAI incidence. Measures to mitigate inequities might include teaching healthcare workers how to recognize and mitigate unconscious biases, expanding community resources which address the social and structural determinants of health, increasing access to preventive health services, reforming federal and institutional policies to better support safety-net hospitals and disincentivize price discrimination, and improving diversity and inclusion within the health workforce.

Indexed as

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)Health policyRacial/ethnic disparitiesSocial determinants of healthStructural racism

Identifiers

PMID34466126
PMCPMC8390539
OpenAlexW3197756408

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.