ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2021
Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Applications of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials as Wound Dressings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Solidification Materials and Technology for Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Cannabidiol for Enhanced Solubility and Bioavailability.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Co-delivery of paclitaxel and curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for improved targeting of lung cancer:Heliyon · 2024Article
- Improved synthesis of metformin hydrochloride-sodium alginate (MH-NaALG) microspheres using ultrasonic spray drying.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Comparison of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Systems and Surface-Coated Microspheres: Improving Oral Bioavailability of Niclosamide.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Development of a sorafenib-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system: Formulation optimization and characterization of enhanced properties.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2023Article
- Paliperidone-Cation Exchange Resin Complexes of Different Particle Sizes for Controlled Release.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Effects of Polymers on the Drug Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Rivaroxaban.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Development of Alectinib-Suspended SNEDDS for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Reduced the Food Effect and Enhanced the Oral Bioavailability of Ivacaftor by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Using a New Oil Phase.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Article
- Functional Excipients and Novel Drug Delivery Scenario in Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Critical Note.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to screen various drug delivery systems for improving the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of sildenafil. Three representative techniques, solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), amorphous microspheres and crystalline microspheres, were compared.
methodsBoth microspheres systems contained sildenafil:Labrasol:PVP at a weight ratio of 1:1:6. The amorphous microspheres were manufactured using ethanol, while crystalline microspheres were generated using distilled water. Liquid SNEDDS was composed of sildenafil:Labrasol:Transcutol HP:Captex 300 in the ratio of 1:70:15:15 (w:w:w:w). The solidification process in SNEDDS was performed using HDK N20 Pharma as a solid carrier.
resultsThe amorphous microspheres appeared spherical with significantly decreased particle size compared to the drug powder. The crystalline microspheres exhibited a rough surface with no major particle-size difference compared with sildenafil powder, indicating that the hydrophilic excipients adhered to the sildenafil crystal. Solid SNEDDS presented a smooth surface, assuming that the oily liquid was adsorbed to the porous solid carrier. According to the physicochemical evaluation, the crystalline state maintained in crystalline microspheres, whereas the crystal state changed to amorphous state in other formulations. Amorphous microspheres, crystalline microspheres and solid SNEDDS produced about 79, 55, 82-fold increased solubility, compared to drug powder. Moreover, the prepared formulations provided a higher dissolution rate (%) and plasma concentration than did the drug powder (performance order; solid SNEDDS ≥ amorphous microspheres ≥ crystalline microspheres > drug powder). Among the formulations, solid SNEDDS demonstrated the highest improvement in oral bioavailability (AUC; 1508.78 ± 343.95 h·ng/mL).
conclusionTherefore, solid SNEDDS could be recommended as an oral dosage form for enhancing the oral bioavailability of sildenafil.
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