ArticleMucosal immunology2021
Decreased production of epithelial-derived antimicrobial molecules at mucosal barriers during early life.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Study on the value and mechanism of miR-369-5p in childhood pneumonia.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial communities co-develop with respiratory immunity early in life, linking dysbiosis to systemic monocyte signature and wheezing.Science advances · 2025Article
- Age Matters: Key Contributors to Interferon Toxicity in Infants During Influenza Virus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Overview of mucosal immunity and respiratory infections in children: a focus on Africa.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Photobiomodulation of Gingival Cells Challenged with Viable Oral Microbes.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- Article
- Impaired upper respiratory tract barrier function during postnatal development predisposes to invasive pneumococcal disease.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Article
- The downregulation of tight junction proteins and pIgR in the colonic epithelium causes the susceptibility of EpCAMFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- How early life respiratory viral infections impact airway epithelial development and may lead to asthma.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Development of the Neonatal Intestinal Barrier, Microbiome, and Susceptibility to NEC.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Silent neonatal influenza A virus infection primes systemic antimicrobial immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Young age is a risk factor for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Here, we compared infant and adult mice to identify age-dependent mechanisms that drive susceptibility to mucosal infections during early life. Transcriptional profiling of the upper respiratory tract (URT) epithelium revealed significant dampening of early life innate mucosal defenses. Epithelial-mediated production of the most abundant antimicrobial molecules, lysozyme, and lactoferrin, and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), responsible for IgA transcytosis, was expressed in an age-dependent manner. This was attributed to delayed functional development of serous cells. Absence of epithelial-derived lysozyme and the pIgR was also observed in the small intestine during early life. Infection of infant mice with lysozyme-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus in the URT or gastrointestinal tract, respectively, demonstrated an age-dependent regulation of lysozyme enzymatic activity. Lysozyme derived from maternal milk partially compensated for the reduction in URT lysozyme activity of infant mice. Similar to our observations in mice, expression of lysozyme and the pIgR in nasopharyngeal samples collected from healthy human infants during the first year of life followed an age-dependent regulation. Thus, a global pattern of reduced antimicrobial and IgA-mediated defenses may contribute to increased susceptibility of young children to mucosal infections.
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