Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34465885›Full record

ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2022

Regulation of antitumor immunity by inflammation-induced epigenetic alterations.

Michael Karin, Shabnam Shalapour

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  6. Food science & nutrition · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  11. Senescent brain cell types in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Michael KarinDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Shabnam ShalapourDepartment of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. sshalapour@mdanderson.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-3706
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · USUniversity of California San Diego · US

Funding

The Southernearch Center for ALPD and CirrhosisP50AA011999 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ANNA S. GUKOVSKAYA · 1999 to 2026
$45.8M
Tumor Assessment CoreP01CA128814 · NCI · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI SMITH, JEFFREY W · 2009 to 2020
$19.1M
REGULATION OF NFKB AND IKK BY PROINFLAMMATORY STIMULIR01AI043477 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KARIN, MICHAEL · 1998 to 2017
$7.4M
Immunosuppressive mechanisms responsible for development of non-viral liver cancer and control of its response to immune checkpoint inhibitorsU01AA027681 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI EL-KHOUEIRY, ANTHONY BOUTROS, KARIN, MICHAEL · 2018 to 2022
$3.6M
Role of p62/SQSTM1 in obesity-induced liver cancerR01CA211794 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KARIN, MICHAEL, MOSCAT, JORGE · 2017 to 2021
$3.6M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA128814NCI NIH HHS R01 CA211794NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA011999NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA027681NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI043477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic inflammation promotes tumor development, progression, and metastatic dissemination and causes treatment resistance. The accumulation of genetic alterations and loss of normal cellular regulatory processes are not only associated with cancer growth and progression but also result in the expression of tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens that may activate antitumor immunity. This antagonism between inflammation and immunity and the ability of cancer cells to avoid immune detection affect the course of cancer development and treatment outcomes. While inflammation, particularly acute inflammation, supports T-cell priming, activation, and infiltration into infected tissues, chronic inflammation is mostly immunosuppressive. However, the main mechanisms that dictate the outcome of the inflammation-immunity interplay are not well understood. Recent data suggest that inflammation triggers epigenetic alterations in cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment. These alterations can affect and modulate numerous aspects of cancer development, including tumor growth, the metabolic state, metastatic spread, immune escape, and immunosuppressive or immunosupportive leukocyte generation. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation in initiating epigenetic alterations in immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and cancer cells and suggest how and when epigenetic interventions can be combined with immunotherapies to improve therapeutic outcomes.

Indexed as

InflammationNeoplasmsEpigenesis, GeneticHumansImmunotherapyTumor MicroenvironmentAntitumor immunityEpigeneticsImmunotherapyInflammation

Identifiers

PMID34465885
PMCPMC8752743
OpenAlexW3198755848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.