ArticleJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2021
SHOX2 cooperates with STAT3 to promote breast cancer metastasis through the transcriptional activation of WASF3.
Article in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic performance of SHOX2 and RASSF1A gene methylation assays in malignant pleural effusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer cytopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Preclinical models of breast cancer metastasis: strengths, limitations, and clinical relevance.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Review
- In vitro and in silico analysis of the anti-proliferative effects of Spirulina platensis on A549 lung cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma progression through N6-methyladenosine modifications of long non-coding RNA.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Expressions of shox2, RASSF1A and PTGER4, and the relationship between their methylation and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with lung cancer.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- N6-methyladenosine-modified long non-coding RNAWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Multi-omics analysis deciphers intercellular communication regulating oxidative stress to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma progression.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Mechanism of norcantharidin intervention in gastric cancer: analysis based on antitumor proprietary Chinese medicine database, network pharmacology, and transcriptomics.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- Potential regulation and prognostic model of colorectal cancer with extracellular matrix genes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Modulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Possible Underlying Mechanism for Inducing Chemoresistance in MIA PaCa-2 Cells against Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Evaluating the comprehensive diagnosis efficiency of lung cancer, including measurement of SHOX2 and RASSF1A gene methylation.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- SHOX2 promotes prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis through disruption of the Hippo-YAP pathway.iScience · 2023Article
- The dynamic tumor-stromal crosstalk: implications of 'stromal-hot' tumors in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- A potential immunotherapeutic and prognostic biomarker for multiple tumors including glioma: SHOX2.Hereditas · 2023Article
- siRNA and targeted delivery systems in breast cancer therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- Adaptive c-Met-PLXDC2 Signaling Axis Mediates Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Confer Radioresistance-associated Aggressiveness in Head and Neck Cancer.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- The WAVE3/β-catenin oncogenic signaling regulates chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Gli1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating snail transcriptional activity and stability.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Positive feedback regulation of lncRNA TPT1-AS1 and ITGB3 promotes cell growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer.Cancer science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetastasis is most often the root cause of cancer-related death. Human short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2), a homeodomain transcription factor, is a novel inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, though its exact role and underlying mechanisms in metastasis are not well understood.
methodsTCGA analysis was performed to identify the clinical relevance of SHOX2 in breast cancer. Gene depletion was achieved by short hairpin RNA and small interfering RNA. Molecular regulations and alterations were assessed by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR (ChIP-qPCR), and ChIP/re-ChIP. The impact of SHOX2 signaling on tumor growth and metastasis was evaluated in orthotopic breast tumor mice.
resultsThe expression level of SHOX2 is strongly associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients and inactivation of SHOX2 suppresses breast tumor growth and metastasis in mice. In breast cancer cells, SHOX2 directly activates Wiskott-Aldridge syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3), a metastasis-promoting gene, at the transcriptional level, leading to a significant increase in metastatic potential. Mechanistically, SHOX2 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and recruits it to the WASF3 promoter, where STAT3 cooperates with SHOX2 to form a functional immunocomplex to promote WASF3 transcriptional activity in breast cancer cells. WASF3 knockdown abrogates SHOX2-induced metastasis, but not SHOX2-dependent tumorigenesis.
conclusionsThese findings provide a critical link between the SHOX2-STAT3-WASF3 signaling axis and metastasis and suggest that the targeting of this signaling node may represent a valuable alternative strategy for combating breast cancer metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.